The Plant Pathology Journal

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Comparison of Resistance Acquisition and Mechanisms in Erwinia amylovora against Agrochemicals Used for Fire Blight Control

  • Hyeonheui Ham (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ga-Ram Oh (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yong Hwan Lee (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yong Hoon Lee (Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2024.07.17
  • Accepted : 2024.09.02
  • Published : 2024.10.01
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Abstract

Agrochemicals containing antibiotics are authorized to manage fire blight that has been occurring in Korea since 2015. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each antibiotic against Erwinia amylovora, the causal pathogen of fire blight, has increased over the years due to the pathogen's frequent exposure to antibiotics, indicating the necessity to prepare for the emergence of antibiotic resistance. In this study, E. amylovora was exposed to stepwise increasing concentrations of eight different agrochemicals, each containing single or mixed antibiotics, and gene mutation and changes in MIC were assessed. Streptomycin and oxolinic acid induced an amino acid substitution in RpsL and GyrA, respectively, resulting in a rapid increase in MIC. Oxytetracycline initially induced amino acid substitutions or frameshifts in AcrR, followed by substitutions of 30S small ribosomal protein subunit S10 or AcrB, further increasing MIC. E. amylovora acquired resistance in the order of oxolinic acid, streptomycin, and oxytetracycline at varying exposure frequencies. Resistance acquisition was slower against agrochemicals containing mixed antibiotics than those with single antibiotics. However, gene mutations conferring antibiotic resistance emerged sequentially to both antibiotics in the mixed formulations. Results suggested that frequent application of mixed antibiotics could lead to the emergence of multidrug-resistant E. amylovora isolates. This study provided essential insights into preventing the emergence of antibiotic-resistant E. amylovora and understanding the underlying mechanisms of resistance acquisition.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was carried out with the support of Cooperative Research Programs (Project no. RS-2020-RD009337) from the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

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