Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research

The Korean Vaccine Society (대한백신학회)
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Immunogenicity of a novel inactivated canine adenovirus type 2 variant vaccine for dogs

  • Dong-Kun Yang (Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) ;
  • Sangjin Ahn (Section of Wildlife Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Hye Jeong Lee (Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) ;
  • Minuk Kim (Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) ;
  • Jong-Taek Kim (Section of Wildlife Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Ju-Yeon Lee (Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) ;
  • Yun Sang Cho (Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs)
  • Received : 2024.05.31
  • Accepted : 2024.06.21
  • Published : 2024.07.31
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Abstract

Purpose: The immunogenicity of vaccines containing the canine adenovirus (CAdV) type 2 (CAdV-2) variant has not yet been reported. We prepared a novel inactivated CAdV-2 variant vaccine using the CAV2232-41 strain, and evaluated its safety and immunogenicity in raccoon dogs. Materials and Methods: The growth kinetics of CAV2232-41 were determined using Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. The nucleotide sequences of CAV2232 and CAV2232-41 were determined by next-generation sequencing. To generate the CAdV-2 variant vaccine, CAV2232-41 propagated in the MDCK cells was inactivated with 0.1% formaldehyde. Two vaccines were prepared by blending inactivated CAV2232-41 with Cabopol and Rehydragel adjuvants. Safety and immunogenicity of the CAV2232C and CAV2232R vaccines were evaluated in guinea pigs. Safety and immunogenicity of the CAV2232C vaccine were also evaluated in raccoon dogs. The virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) titer against CAV2232-41 was measured in sera collected from immunized guinea pigs and raccoon dogs. Results: CAV2232-41 showed the highest viral titer on days 4-6 post-inoculation and had a deletion in the E3 gene, which was confirmed as a CAdV-2 variant. Guinea pigs inoculated with CAV2232C showed slightly higher VNA titers than those inoculated with CAV2232R 2 weeks after booster vaccination. Raccoon dogs immunized with the CAV2232C vaccine developed high mean VNA titers, while non-vaccinated raccoon dogs were antibody-negative. Conclusion: The CAV2232C vaccine is safe and induces a protective VNA titer in raccoon dogs.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported financially by a grant (B-1543083-2023-24-01) from the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Republic of Korea.

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