Journal of Forest and Environmental Science

Institute of Forest Science, kangwon National University (강원대학교 산림과학연구소)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Air Pollution Tolerance and Heavy Metal Accumulation of Selected Tree Species at Swamp Forest Research Station, Onne, Rivers State

  • Received : 2023.12.10
  • Accepted : 2024.06.05
  • Published : 2024.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Trees improve air quality through the accumulation of air pollutants in their leaves; however, the responses of different tree species to air pollution varies. Hence, this study evaluated the responses to air pollution of selected tree species in the Swamp Forest Research Station, Onne. Ten tree species (Cola pachycarpa, Khaya grandifoliolia, Irvingia gabonensis, Garcinia kola, Chrysophyllum albidum, Treculia africana, Dacryodes edulis, Tectonia grandis, Gmelina aborea, and Nauclea diderrichii) were selected based on their abundance in the area. Leaves were collected from all sides in 3 replicates for each tree species. Laboratory analysis was carried out using standard procedures. Portable Multi Gas Detector was used to determine the concentrations of air pollutants. One-way analysis of variance was employed to test for significant difference (p≤0.05) in biochemical parameters among the tree species while Pearson's correlation was utilized to determine the level of association between different biochemical parameters and APTI; heavy metals and APTI. Results showed high concentration of PM10, CO, moderate concentration of NO2, PM2.5, and VOC, and low concentration of ground O3. Heavy metals - Cadmium, Mercury, Lead, Nickel and Copper were all present in the tree species at varying rates. There were significant differences in the biochemical parameters and APTI values. C. pachycarpa exhibited the highest APTI value (89.88), while D. edulis had the lowest APTI value (8.24). C. pachycarpa, K. grandifoliolia, C. albidum, G. kola, T. africana, and N. diderrichii were identified as tolerant tree species to air pollution. G. aborea, T. grandis, and I. gabonensis were considered intermediate tolerant species, while D. edulis was the only tree species sensitive to air pollution. Ascorbic Acid, Chlorophyll, Hg and Ni had positive correlations with APTI; Cd and Cu had negative association with APTI at the 0.05 significance level. C. pachycarpa, T. africana, K. grandifoliolia, C. albidum, N. diderrichii and G. kola, are recommended for planting in pollution-prone areas.

Keywords

References

  1. Abida B, Harikrishna S. 2010. Evaluation of Some Tree Species to Absorb Air Pollutants in Three Industrial Locations of South Bengaluru, India. E-J Chem 7(Suppl 1): S151-S156.
  2. Achakzai K, Khalid S, Adrees M, Bibi A, Ali S, Nawaz R, Rizwan M. 2017. Air pollution tolerance index of plants around brick kilns in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J Environ Manage 190: 252-258.
  3. Agbaire PO, Esiefarienrhe E. 2009. Air Pollution tolerance indices (APTI) of some plants around Otorogun Gas Plant in Delta State, Nigeria. J Appl Sci Environ Manag 13: 11-14.
  4. Ahmad I, Abdullah B, Dole JM, Shahid M, Ziaf K. 2019. Evaluation of the air pollution tolerance index of ornamentals growing in an industrial area compared to a less polluted area. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 60: 595-601.
  5. Akinfolarin OM, Boisa N, Obunwo CC. 2017. Assessment of Particulate Matter-Based Air Quality Index in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. J Environ Anal Chem 4: 1000224.
  6. Aksoy A, Leblebici Z, Prasad MNV. 2015. Metal-accumulating plants from serpentine habitats of Kizildag, Konya Province, Turkey. Aust J Bot 63: 372-378
  7. Alani R, Ehiwario H, Bello O, Akinrinade O, Okolie C, Seyinde D, Daramola O. 2021. Air quality assessment in Lagos, Nigeria. In: Natural and Synthetic Substances in the Environment: a Compendium on Policy Assessment, Insights and Implications (Ayejuyo O, Isanbor C, Abayomi A, eds). University of Lagos Press and Bookshop Ltd, Lagos, pp 225-250.
  8. Ali M, Athar M. 2008. Air quality monitoring along three session of national highway N-5 pakuton. Envron. Health Rev. Med 13:219-226.
  9. Ali M, Athar M. 2010. Impact of transport and industrial emissions on the ambient air quality of Lahore City, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess 171: 353-363.
  10. Ayodeji FB, Olorunsola OE. 2011. Siam weed along highways, herbal medicine or poison? Toxicol Environ Chem 93: 487-493.
  11. Bajaj KL, Kaur G. 1981. Spectrophotometric determination of L-ascorbic acid in vegetables and fruits. Analyst 106: 117-120.
  12. Bakiyaraj R, Ayyappan D. 2014. Air pollution tolerance index of some terrestrial plants around an industrial area. Int J Mod Res Rev 2: 1-7.
  13. Borkert CM, Cox FR, Tucker MR. 1998. Zinc and copper toxicity in peanut, soybean, rice, and corn in soil mixtures. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 29: 2991-3005.
  14. Chima UD, Fredrick C, Alex A, Ikwumadi EM. 2021. Heavy metal contents of five major medicinal tree species in two communities reflecting high and low pollution gradients in Greater Port Harcourt city, Rivers state, Nigeria. Nat Sci 19: 16-26.
  15. Das S, Prasad P. 2010. Seasonal variation in air pollution tolerance indices and selection of plant species for industrial areas of Rourkela. Indian J Environ Prot 30: 978-988.
  16. Elekes CC, Busuioc G, Ionita G. 2010. The bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in the fruiting body of wild growing mushrooms. Not Bot Hort Agrobot Cluj 38: 147-151.
  17. Escobedo FJ, Wagner JE, Nowak DJ, De la Maza CL, Rodriguez M, Crane DE. 2008. Analyzing the cost effectiveness of Santiago, Chile's policy of using urban forests to improve air quality. J Environ Manage 86: 148-157.
  18. Gharge S, Menon GS. 2012. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of certain herbs from the site around Ambernath MIDC. Asian J Exp Biol Sci 3: 543-547.
  19. Hunt JR. 2003. Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and other trace minerals from vegetarian diets. Am J Clin Nutr 78(3 Suppl): 633S-639S.
  20. Irshad MA, Nawaz R, Ahmad S, Arshad M, Rizwan M, Ahmad N, Ahmed T. 2020. Evaluation of anticipated performance index of tree species for air pollution mitigation in Islamabad, Pakistan. J Environ Sci Manag 23: 50-59.
  21. Jabeen S, Shah MT, Khan S, Hayat MQ. 2010. Determination of major and trace elements in ten important folk therapeutic plants of Haripur basin, Pakistan. J Med Plants Res 4: 559-566.
  22. Jahan S, Iqbal MZ. 1992. Morphological and anatomical studies of leaves of different plants affected by motor vehicles exhaust. J Islamic Acad Sci 5: 21-23.
  23. Joshi N, Bora M. 2011. Impact of air quality on physiological attributes of certain plants. Rep Opin 3: 42-47.
  24. Joshi PC, Swami A. 2009. Air pollution induced changes in the photosynthetic pigments of selected plant species. J Environ Biol 30: 295-298.
  25. Kanwar K, Dhamala MK, Maskey-Byanju R. 2016. Air pollution tolerance index: an approach towards the effective green belt around Kathmandu metropolitan city, Nepal. Nepal J Environ Sci 4: 23-29.
  26. Karmakar D, Deb K, Padhy PK. 2021. Ecophysiological responses of tree species due to air pollution for biomonitoring of environmental health in urban area. Urban Clim 35: 100741.
  27. Kaur M, Nagpal AK. 2017. Evaluation of air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index of plants and their application in development of green space along the urban areas. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24: 18881-18895.
  28. Keller T, Schwager H. 1977. Air pollution and ascorbic acid. Eur J For Pathol 7: 338-350.
  29. Khan S, Cao Q, Zheng YM, Huang YZ, Zhu YG. 2008. Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China. Environ Pollut 152: 686-692.
  30. Liu YJ, Ding H. 2008. Variation in air pollution tolerance index of plants near a steel factory: implications for landscape-plant species selection for industrial areas. WSEAS Trans Environ Dev 4: 24-32.
  31. Malakootian M, Nouri J, Hossaini H. 2009. Removal of heavy metals from paint industry's wastewater using Leca as an available adsorbent. Int J Environ Sci Technol 6: 183-190.
  32. McGrath SP, Smith S. 1990. Chromium and nickel. In: Heavy metals in soils (Alloway BJ, ed). Blackie & Sons, Glasgow, pp 125-150.
  33. Meerabai G, Venkata Ramana C, Rasheed M. 2012. Effect of industrial pollutants on physiology of Cajanus cajan (L.) Fabaceae. Int J Environ Sci 2: 1889-1894.
  34. Molnar VE, Simon E, Tothmeresz B, Ninsawat S, Szabo S. 2020. Air pollution induced vegetation stress - the air pollution tolerance index as a quick tool for city health evaluation. Ecol Indic 113: 106234.
  35. Mukhopadhyay K. 2002. A structural decomposition analysis of air pollution from fossil fuel combustion in India. Int J Environ Pollut 18: 486-497.
  36. Nawaz M, Sun J, Shabbir S, Khattak WA, Ren G, Nie X, Bo Y, Javed Q, Du D, Sonne C. 2023. A review of plants strategies to resist biotic and abiotic environmental stressors. Sci Total Environ 900: 165832.
  37. Nickens KP, Patierno SR, Ceryak S. 2010. Chromium genotoxicity: a double-edged sword. Chem Biol Interact 188: 276-288.
  38. Omoko EN, Onyekuru SO, Opara AI, Usen OS, Ukpong AJ, Adikwu SO. 2021. Air Quality Assessment in Parts of Onne, Rivers State Southeastern Nigeria. Phys Rep 6: 1-23.
  39. Oyedeji S, Agboola OO, Oyekunle JK, Animasaun DA, Fatoba PO. 2019. Assessment of tree species resistances to air pollution around a metal-scrap recycling factory using air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index. Ruhuna J Sci 10: 65-76.
  40. Pandey AK, Pandey M, Mishra A, Tiwary SM, Tripathi BD. 2015. Air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index of some plant species for development of urban forest. Urban For Urban Green 14: 866-871.
  41. Panigrahi T, Das KK, Dey BS, Mishra M, Panda RB. 2012. Air Pollution Tolerance Index of various plants species found in F.M. University Campus, Balasore, Odisha, India. J Appl Chem 1: 519-523.
  42. Pavlovic D, Nikolic B, Durovic S, Waisi H, Andelkovic A, Marisavljevic D. 2014. Chlorophyll as a measure of plant health: agroecological aspects. Pestic Phytomed 29: 21-34.
  43. Radhapriya P, Navaneetha-Gopalakrishnan A, Malini P, Ramachandran A. 2012. Assessment of air pollution tolerance levels of selected plants around cement industry, Coimbatore, India. J Environ Biol 33: 635-641.
  44. Rahman Z, Siddiqui MN, Khatun MA, Kamruzzaman M. 2013. Effect of Guava (Psidium guajava) leaf meal on production performances and antimicrobial sensitivity in commercial broiler. J Nat Prod 6: 177-187.
  45. Randhi UD, Reddy MA. 2012. Evaluation of tolerant plant species in urban environment: a case study from Hyderabad, India. Univers J Environ Res Technol 2: 300-304.
  46. Rehman ZU, Khan S, Brusseau ML, Shah MT. 2017. Lead and cadmium contamination and exposure risk assessment via consumption of vegetables grown in agricultural soils of five-selected regions of Pakistan. Chemosphere 168: 1589-1596.
  47. Shahrukh S, Hossain SA, Huda MN, Moniruzzaman M, Islam MM, Shaikh MAA, Hossain ME. 2023. Air pollution tolerance, anticipated performance, and metal accumulation indices of four evergreen tree species in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Curr Plant Biol 35-36: 100296.
  48. Shrestha S, Baral B, Dhital NB, Yang HH. 2021. Assessing air pollution tolerance of plant species in vegetation traffic barriers in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Sustain Environ Res 31: 3.
  49. Singh SK, Rao DN, Agrawal M, Pandey J, Naryan D. 1991. Air pollution tolerance index of plants. J Environ Manag 32: 45-55.
  50. Singh SK, Rao DN. 1983. Evaluation of plants for their tolerance to air pollution. In: Proceedings of Symposium on Air Pollution Control. Indian Association for Air Pollution Control, New Delhi, pp 218-224.
  51. Thambavni DS, Maheshwari J. 2012. Evaluation of Anticipated Performance Index of certain tree species in Virudhnagar, India. International Congress on Informatics, Environment, Energy and Applications-IEEA, IP-CSIT Vol. 38. IACSIT Press, Singapore.
  52. Tiwari S, Tiwari M. 2006. Air pollution tolerance indices of few plants growing near Raigarh (India). J Environ Res Dev 1: 129-135.
  53. Verma A. 2003. Attenuation of automobile generated air pollution by higher plants. Dissertation. University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India.
  54. Wang K, Wang W, Li L, Li J, Wei L, Chi W, Hong L, Zhao Q, Jiang J. 2020. Seasonal concentration distribution of PM1.0 and PM2.5 and a risk assessment of bound trace metals in Harbin, China: effect of the species distribution of heavy metals and heat supply. Sci Rep 10: 8160.
  55. World Health Organization (WHO). 1996. Permissible Limits of Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants. World Health Organization, Geneva.
  56. Yadav R, Pandey P. 2020. Assessment of Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) of roadside plants for the development of greenbelt in urban area of Bathinda City, Punjab, India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 105: 906-914.