Structural Engineering and Mechanics

  • 제89권5호
  • /
  • Pages.525-538
  • /
  • 2024
  • /
  • 1225-4568(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6217(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of unanchorage blast-resistant modular structures subjected to blast loads and human injury response

  • Ali Sari (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University) ;
  • Omer Faruk Nemutlu (Civil Engineering Department, Bingol University) ;
  • Kadir Guler (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University) ;
  • Sayed Mahdi Hashemi (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University)
  • 투고 : 2023.10.15
  • 심사 : 2024.02.27
  • 발행 : 2024.03.10
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

An explosion from a specific source can generate high pressure, causing damage to structures and people in and around them. For the design of protective structures, although explosion overpressure is considered the main loading parameter, parts are only considered using standard design procedures, excluding special installations. Properties of the explosive, such as molecular structure, shape, dimensional properties, and the physical state of the charge, determine the results in a high-grade or low-grade explosion. In this context, it is very important to determine the explosion behaviors of the structures and to take precautions against these behaviors. Especially structures in areas with high explosion risk should be prepared for blast loads. In this study, the behavior of non-anchored blast resistant modular buildings was investigated. In the study, analyzes were carried out for cases where modular buildings were first positioned on a reinforced concrete surface and then directly on the ground. For these two cases, the behavior of the modular structure placed on the reinforced concrete floor against burst loads was evaluated with Stribeck curves. The behavior of the modular building placed directly on the ground is examined with the Pais and Kausel equations, which consider the structure-ground interaction. In the study, head and neck injuries were examined by placing test dummies to examine human injury behavior in modular buildings exposed to blast loads. Obtained results were compared with field tests. In both cases, results close to field tests were obtained. Thus, it was concluded that Stribeck curves and Pais Kausel equations can reflect the behavior of modular buildings subjected to blast loads. It was also seen at the end of the study that the human injury criteria were met. The results of the study are explained with their justifications.

키워드

과제정보

The data that support the fndings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data of the field tests used in the study are the responsibility of the RedGuard company. We would like to thank RedGuard company for their contribution. This research was supported by ITU Scientific Research Project with ID 41737.

참고문헌

  1. Acosta, P.F. (2011), "Overview of UFC 3-340-02 structures to resist the effects of accidental explosions", Structures Congress 2011, 1454-1469. 
  2. Akram, M.R. and Yesilyurt, A. (2023), "Experimental analysis of blast loading effects on security check-post", Struct. Eng. Mech., 87(3), 273-282. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2023.87.3.273. 
  3. Andersson, S., Soderberg, A. and Bjorklund, S. (2007), "Friction models for sliding dry, boundary and mixed lubricated contacts", Tribol. Int., 40, 580-587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.11.014. 
  4. ASCE (2010), Significant Changes to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-10-An Illustrated Guide. 
  5. Babaei, H., Mostofi, T.M. and Sadraei, S.M. (2015), "Effect of gas detonation on response of circular plate-experimental and theoretical", Struct. Eng. Mech., 56(4), 535-548. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.56.4.535. 
  6. Beshara, F.B.A. and Virdi, K.S. (1992), "Prediction of dynamic response of blast-loaded reinforced concrete structures", Comput. Struct., 44, 297-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(92)90249-Y. 
  7. Bounds, W.L. (2008), "General update of the ASCE report: design of blast resistant buildings in petrochemical facilities", Structures Congress 2008: Crossing Borders, 1-4. 
  8. Chopra, A.K. (2007), Dynamics of Structures, Pearson Education.
  9. Committee, ASCE (2010), Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-10). 
  10. Csi (2023), Csi Knowladge Base, https://wiki.csiamerica.com/display/SAP2000/Home. 
  11. Dadkhaha, H. and Mohebbi, M. (2021), "Blast fragility of base isolated steel moment-resisting buildings", Earthq. Struct., 21(5), 461-475. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2021.21.5.461. 
  12. Dattola, G., Crosta, G.B. and di Prisco, C. (2021), "Investigating the influence of block rotation and shape on the impact process", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 147, 104867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104867. 
  13. Eppinger, R.H., Sun, E., Bandak, F.A., Haffner, M.P., Khaewpong, N., Maltese, M.R., Kuppa, S.M., Nguyen, T., Takhounts, E.G., Tannous, R.E., Zhang, A.X. and Saul, R.A. (1999), "Development of improved injury criteria for the assessment of advanced automotive restraint system", Environmental Science. 
  14. Erkmen, B. (2017), "06.07: Comparison of blast performance of steel modular buildings with anchored and sliding foundations", ce/papers, 1(2-3), 1463-1472. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.189. 
  15. Farzad, N. and Dimitrios, K. (2017), "Effect of the stick-slip phenomenon on the sliding response of objects subjected to pulse excitation", J. Eng. Mech., 143, 4016122. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.19437889.000113. 
  16. Kee, J.H., Park, J.Y. and Seong, J.H. (2019), "Effect of one way reinforced concrete slab characteristics on structural response under blast loading", Adv. Concrete Constr., 8(4), 277-283. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2019.8.4.277. 
  17. Lacey, A.W., Chen, W., Hao, H. and Bi, K. (2018), "Structural response of modular buildings-An overview", J. Build. Eng., 16, 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.12.008. 
  18. Marques, F., Flores, P., Pimenta Claro, J.C. and Lankarani, H.M. (2016), "A survey and comparison of several friction force models for dynamic analysis of multibody mechanical systems", Nonlin. Dyn., 86, 1407-1443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-016-2999-3. 
  19. Mylonakis, G., Nikolaou, S. and Gazetas, G. (2006), "Footings under seismic loading: Analysis and design issues with emphasis on bridge foundations", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 26, 824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.12.005. 
  20. Naggar, M.H. (2000), "Evaluation of performance of machine foundation under blast-induced excitation", Presented at the 2000. 
  21. NEHRP (2012), Consultants Joint Venture, A Partnership of the Applied Technology Council and the Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering. 
  22. Olmati, P., Petrini, F. and Bontempi, F. (2013), "Numerical analyses for the structural assessment of steel buildings under explosions", Struct. Eng. Mech., 45(6), 803-819. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.45.6.803. 
  23. Pais, A. and Kausel, E. (1988), "Approximate formulas for dynamic stiffnesses of rigid foundations", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 7, 213227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(88)80005-8. 
  24. Panowicz, R., Sybilski, K. and Kolodziejczyk, D. (2011), "Numerical analysis of effects of IED side explosion on crew of lightarmoured wheeled vehicle", J. KONES, 18, 331-339. 
  25. RedGuardBRB (2020), Arena Blast and Fire Test Report. 
  26. Shenton, W.H. (1996), "Criteria for initiation of slide, rock, and slide-rock rigid-body modes", J. Eng. Mech., 22, 690693. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)07339399(1996)122:7(690). 
  27. Xia, F. (2003), "Modelling of a two-dimensional Coulomb friction oscillator", J. Sound Vib., 265, 1063-1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022460X(02)01444-X.