Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (대한소아청소년정신의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics and Treatment of Cyberviolence Trauma in Children and Adolescents

  • Seung Min Bae (Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2024.02.25
  • Accepted : 2024.03.19
  • Published : 2024.07.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Cyberviolence is a new form of violence encompassing any online activity that results in harm to the psychological, emotional, financial, or physical well-being of an individual or group. These adverse activities often lead to serious offline and long-lasting negative impact, especially on children and adolescents whose development has not matured sufficiently. Therefore, it is more important for mental health professionals to be well informed about the rapidly evolving forms of cyberviolence and its risks and to respond appropriately. This article provides an overview of the concept and unique features of cyberviolence trauma in minors in South Korea while also examining ongoing efforts to explore and implement effective treatment programs. Cyberbullying and digital sexual abuse, the most common forms of cyberviolence experienced by minors in South Korea, are explored in detail. Additionally, this review proposes directions for future research and the efforts that clinicians should focus on.

Keywords

References

  1. Lian Y, Zhou Y, Lian X, Dong X. Cyber violence caused by the disclosure of route information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 2022;9:417.
  2. Bhang SY, Yoo HK, Kim JH, Kim B, Lee YS, Ahn D, et al. Victims of bullying among Korean adolescents: prevalence and association with psychopathology evaluated using the adolescent mental health and problem behavior screening questionnaire-II standardization study data. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012;23:23-30. https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.2012.23.1.23
  3. Yu HK, Yoon MS. Current status and characteristics of cyber violence incidents: content analysis of online articles. Korean J Soc Welf Educ 2023;62:19-50.
  4. Bae SM. Digital sexual violence (DSV): comparison study of characteristics between digital and non-digital sexual violence [dissertation]. Seoul: Ewha Womans University;2021.
  5. Li C, Wang P, Martin-Moratinos M, Bella-Fernandez M, Blasco-Fontecilla H. Traditional bullying and cyberbullying in the digital age and its associated mental health problems in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. In press 2022.
  6. Barker K, Jurasz O. Digital and online violence: international perspectives. Int Rev Law Comput Technol. In press 2024.
  7. Blue Tree Foundation. [2020 annual report] [Internet]. Seoul: Blue Tree Foundation [cited 2023 Sep 21]. Available from: https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/read/68288179/2020. Korean
  8. National Information Society Agency. [The 2021 cyberviolence survey] [Internet]. Daegu: National Information Society Agency [cited 2023 Sep 8]. Available from: https://www.data.go.kr/data/15106136/fileData.do. Korean
  9. National Information Society Agency. [The 2022 cyberviolence survey] [Internet]. Daegu: National Information Society Agency [cited 2023 Sep 17]. Available from: https://www.nia.or.kr/site/nia_kor/ex/bbs/View.do?cbIdx=68302&bcIdx=25350&parentSeq=25350. Korean
  10. Lopez-Meneses E, Vazquez-Cano E, Gonzalez-Zamar MD, Abad-Segura E. Socioeconomic effects in cyberbullying: global research trends in the educational context. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:4369.
  11. Chang WK. School violence and cyber violence. Justice 2022;189:461-491. https://doi.org/10.29305/tj.2022.4.189.461
  12. Cricenti C, Pizzo A, Quaglieri A, Mari E, Cordellieri P, Bonucchi C, et al. Did they deserve it? Adolescents' perception of online harassment in a real-case scenario. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19:17040.
  13. Na YJ, You ES, Kim HS, Jung SY, Kang GM. The effects of the school violence victimization experience on cyber-bullying perpetration: the mediated effect of aggression and moderated mediation effect of social support. J Future Oriented Youth Soc 2022;19:1-28. https://doi.org/10.34244/JFOYS.2022.19.1.1
  14. Kim KE, Choi EH. A study on the effect of school violence victimization on adolescents' cyber violence: focus on mediating effect of aggression. Korean J Youth Welf 2012;14:259-283.
  15. Ban J, Oh I. The mediating effects of aggression between middle school students' perceived negative parenting attitudes and their cyberbullying perpetration: an application of multiple-group analysis across genders. Stud Korean Youth 2020;31:129-156. https://doi.org/10.14816/sky.2020.31.1.129
  16. Oh S, Shin J. The effect of cyber violence victimization on perpetration of children in the upper elementary grades: the mediating effect of self-control, and the moderating effect of child-parent attachment. For Youth Cult 2021;68:5-31. https://doi.org/10.17854/ffyc.2021.10.68.5
  17. Kim HS, Pyo HJ, Fava M, Mischoulon D, Park MJ, Jeon HJ. Bullying, psychological, and physical trauma during early life increase risk of major depressive disorder in adulthood: a nationwide community sample of Korean adults. Front Psychiatry 2022;13:792734.
  18. Henry N, Flynn A, Powell A. Technology-facilitated domestic and sexual violence: a review. Violence Against Women 2020;26:1828-1854. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801219875821
  19. Srivastava A, Rusow J, Schrager SM, Stephenson R, Goldbach JT. Digital sexual violence and suicide risk in a national sample of sexual minority adolescents. J Interpers Violence 2023;38:4443-4458. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221116317
  20. Whittle H, Hamilton-Giachritsis C, Beech A, Collings G. A review of online grooming: characteristics and concerns. Aggress Violent Behav 2013;18:62-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.09.003
  21. Brunnberg E, Bostrom ML, Berglund M. Sexual force at sexual debut. Swedish adolescents with disabilities at higher risk than adolescents without disabilities. Child Abuse Negl 2012;36:285-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.01.002
  22. Davidson OA. An experimental self-compassion intervention for victims of cyberbullying [dissertation]. Austin (TX): University of Texas at Austin;2022.
  23. Landolt MA, Cloitre M, Schnyder U. Evidence-based treatments for trauma related disorders in children and adolescents. 1st ed. Cham: Springer;2017.
  24. Stapleton P, Kip K, Church D, Toussaint L, Footman J, Ballantyne P, et al. Emotional freedom techniques for treating post traumatic stress disorder: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023;14:1195286.
  25. Women's Human Rights Institute of Korea. RiSED (Resistance and Restoration in Solidarity to Empowerment and Dignity) [Internet]. Seoul: Women's Human Rights Institute of Korea [cited 2023 Sep 21]. Available from: https://inno.hongik.ac.kr/help/boardview/5/2.
  26. Ghidei W, Montesanti S, Tomkow K, Silverstone PH, Wells L, Campbell S. Examining the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of virtually delivered trauma-focused domestic violence and sexual violence interventions: a rapid evidence assessment. Trauma Violence Abuse 2023;24:1427-1442. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211069059