Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Development of evaluation components and criteria for the Korean Healthy Diet and assessment of the adherence status among Korean adults

한국인을 위한 건강식단 평가 항목 및 기준 개발과 준수 현황

  • Soo Hyun Kim (Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University) ;
  • Hyojee Joung (Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
  • 김수현 (서울대학교 보건대학원 보건학과 ) ;
  • 정효지 (서울대학교 보건대학원 보건학과 )
  • Received : 2024.06.03
  • Accepted : 2024.07.09
  • Published : 2024.08.31
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Abstract

Purpose: This study developed the evaluation components and criteria for the Korean Healthy Diet (KHD) and assessed the current compliance of Koreans. Methods: The study reviewed domestic and international dietary guidelines and literature and conducted an online survey of 514 Korean adults to understand their nutritional perceptions, specifically the perceived importance of health and incorporation into usual diet. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used to investigate food and nutrient intake patterns and examine the relationship between intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Based on these data, the components and criteria for a KHD were established by sex and age, and adherence was assessed. Results: The KHD evaluation included 13 dietary components: carbohydrates, sugar, fiber, protein, total fat, saturated fat, sodium, calcium, mixed grains, meat·fish·eggs·beans, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products. Applying the selected components and criteria to data from the KNHANES (2019-2021), the average KHD adherence score for Korean adults was 5.465 ± 0.023 out of a maximum score of 13. The score significantly increased with age (4.766 ± 0.044 for 19-29 years; 5.276±0.032 for 30-49 years; 6.109 ± 0.033 for 50-64 years), and women (5.642 ± 0.028) had higher scores than men (5.284 ± 0.030) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the total score significantly differed between those with MetS (5.518 ± 0.045) and those without (5.568 ± 0.026) after adjusted for sex and age (p < 0.05). When scoring the dietary components, sugar (0.852 ± 0.004) and proteins (0.881 ± 0.004) scored relatively higher in the association with MetS, whereas calcium (0.148 ± 0.004) and mixed grains (0.225 ± 0.005) scored relatively lower. Conclusions: The KHD evaluation criteria could be used as a tool for screening and monitoring the overall diet quality of Koreans.

본 연구는 한국인의 건강 식단을 평가하기 위한 항목과 기준을 개발하기 위해, 문헌고찰, 설문조사, 자료분석을 실시하여 13가지의 건강식단 평가항목과 항목별 평가기준을 선정하였고, 국민건강영양조사자료를 분석하여 한국인의 건강식단 준수도를 확인하였다. 한국 성인의 건강식단 준수도 점수는 총 13점 만점 중 평균 5.465점 수준이었다. 건강식단 평가 항목별로는 당과 단백질은 상대적으로 점수가 높았으며, 칼슘과 잡곡류는 상대적으로 점수가 낮았다. 또한, 준수도 점수의 사분위수, 성별, 연령별 및 대사증후군 유무에 따른 점수의 차이를 확인한 결과, 여성이 남성보다, 연령대가 높을수록, 대사증후군 비유병자가 유병자보다 준수도 점수가 유의하게 높았다. 본 연구에서 한국인의 건강 증진과 질병 예방을 목표로 개발된 한국인 건강식단 평가 항목 및 기준은 향후 연구에서 타당성 검증된다면 영양역학 연구뿐만 아니라 국가 영양 정책 및 사업의 개발과 평가에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was carried out with the support of "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (Project No. PJ01704702)" Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

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