Journal of Bio-Environment Control (생물환경조절학회지)

The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control (한국생물환경조절학회)
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The Optimum Photoperiod on Floral Differentiation of French Marigold Grown in a Closed-type Plant Factory

완전제어형 식물공장에서 재배되는 프렌치매리골드의 화아분화를 위한 최적의 광주기 구명

  • Nayoung Kwak (Department of Horticultural Science, Jeju National University) ;
  • Bo Hyun Sung (Department of Horticultural Science, Jeju National University) ;
  • K.P.S. Kumaratenna (Department of Horticultural Science, Jeju National University) ;
  • Young-Yeol Cho (Department of Horticultural Science, Jeju National University)
  • 곽나영 (제주대학교 원예학과) ;
  • 성보현 (제주대학교 원예학과) ;
  • 피우미 사우미야 쿠마라테나 (제주대학교 원예학과) ;
  • 조영열 (제주대학교 원예학과)
  • Received : 2024.01.03
  • Accepted : 2024.01.30
  • Published : 2024.01.31
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Abstract

Among the various environmental conditions necessary for growing crops, light is closely related to the anthesis. This study aimed to determine the optimal photoperiod affecting floral differentiation in an edible flower, marigold, to efficiently cultivate the crops in a closed-type plant factory. The experiment was conducted with photoperiods of 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours. French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) 'Durango Red' seeds were sown in polyurethane sponges, and the photoperiod treatments were applied immediately. The extent of floral differentiation was examined at 2-3 day intervals, defined as the visible appearance of flower buds at least 2 mm in size. The growth parameters such as shoot fresh weight and dry weight, height, and leaf area were measured. The optimal photoperiod was determined based on the days when the floral differentiation had occurred in 50% of the total plants. In the 4-hour treatment, proper growth and flower buds did not appear. From the 8-hour treatment, the plant grew normally, and floral differentiation occurred, however, the 8-hour treatment showed the slowest floral differentiation compared to the 12 hours treatments or more. The 12- and 16-hour treatments didn't show significant differences in floral differentiation. While the 16-hour treatment exhibited the highest results in all growth parameters, it was not significantly different from the 12-hour treatment except for shoot dry weight and leaf area. According to the results, 8 hours of photoperiod induced floral differentiation. However, more time was required for flower bud formation, and plant growth was significantly lower compared to photoperiods of 12 hours or more. Considering the energy consumption and its growth, the optimal photoperiod for marigold was 12 hours.

작물을 재배하는 데 필요한 여러 가지 환경 조건 중 광은 개화와 밀접한 연관이 있다. 본 연구는 식용화, 매리골드 화아분화에 영향을 주는 최적의 광주기를 구명하여 완전제어형 식물공장에서 효율적으로 재배하기 위해 진행되었다. 실험에 사용된 광주기는 4, 8, 12, 16시간, 총 4가지로 설정하였다. 매리골드 '듀란고 레드' 종자를 우레탄 스펀지에 파종한 직후부터 광주기를 처리하였다. 화아분화는 꽃봉오리가 약 2mm 이상일 때 화아분화가 되었다고 정의하였고, 2-3일 간격으로 조사하였다. 생육 조사는 지상부의 생체중, 건물중, 초장, 엽면적을 조사하였다. 최적의 광주기는 식물체의 50%가 화아분화 된 날을 기준으로 정의하였다. 4시간 처리구에서는 식물체가 제대로 자라지 못하며 화아도 형성되지 않았다. 8시간 이상의 처리구에서부터 식물체가 정상적으로 생장하고 화아분화가 이루어졌지만, 8시간 처리구는 12시간 이상의 처리구에 비해 화아분화가 더디게 일어났다. 반면에 12시간 처리구와 16시간 처리구는 서로 유의하지 않은 결과를 보였다. 모든 생육조사 항목에서 16시간 광주기 처리구가 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으나 지상부의 건물중과 엽면적을 제외한 나머지 항목에서 12시간 처리구와 유의하지 않았다. 실험 결과에 따르면, 8시간 광주기에서도 화아분화가 일어났지만, 화아형성까지의 시간이 12시간 이상의 광주기일 때보다 더 많이 소요되었으며, 식물체의 생육 또한 12시간 이상의 광주기를 조사받은 식물체보다 낮게 나타났다. 본 실험에서 에너지 소비량을 고려한 최적의 매리골드 '듀란고 레드'의 광주기는 12시간으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 결과물은 농림축산식품부 및 과학기술정보통신부, 농촌진흥청의 재원으로 농림식품기술기획평가원과 재단법인 스마트팜연구개발사업단의 스마트팜다부처패키지혁신기술사업의 지원을 받아 연구되었음(과제고유번호: 421033043HD050).

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