DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Three new okadaic acid derivatives isolated from a benthic dinoflagellate Prorocetrum lima

  • Semin Moon (Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Dong Han Choi (Ocean Climate Response and Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology) ;
  • Yeonjung Lee (Ocean Climate Response and Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology) ;
  • Jung-Rae Rho (Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University)
  • Received : 2024.09.12
  • Accepted : 2024.09.19
  • Published : 2024.09.20

Abstract

Toxins produced by marine toxigenic algae have garnered growing attention due to their detrimental impacts on marine ecosystem, aquaculture, and human health. Among these, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, such as okadaic acid (OA), are of particular concern. In this study, we report the successful isolation and structural elucidation of three new derivatives of OA from the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. These newly identified compounds, OA-2Me-C7, OA-2-Me-C8, and OA-1-Me-C8, were characterized through a comprehensive series of NMR experiments, combined with structural comparisons to the well-known OA. The identification of these derivatives contributes to the expanding knowledge of DSP toxin diversity and provides new insights into the structural variations of these harmful algal toxins.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by a grant (20163MFDS641) from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea.

References

  1. E. Graneli, J. T. Turner, Eos Trans. Am. Geophy. Union, 88, 304 (2007). 
  2. J. L. Smith, M. Tong, E. Fux, D. M. Anderson, Harmful Algae, 19, 125-132 (2012). 
  3. L. T. Nielsen, B. Krock, P. J. Hansen, Harmful Algae, 23, 34-45 (2013). 
  4. T. Hu, P. LeBlanc, I. W. Burton, J. A. Walter, P. McCarron, J. E. Melanson, W. K. Strangman, J. L. C. Wright, Harmful Algae, 63, 85-93 (2017). 
  5. X. F. Zhao, R. Ji, China Tropp. Med., 6, 157-159 (2006). 
  6. T. Suzuki, M. K. Baba, R. Sugawara, T. Kamiyama, Harmful Algae, 8, 233-238 (2009). 
  7. M. Sibat, M. Garcia-Portela, P. Hess, Toxicon, 153, 19-22 (2018). 
  8. L. Pan, J. Chen, H. Shen, X. He, G. Li, X. Song, D. Zhou, C. Sun, Toxins, 9, 308 (2017). 
  9. T. Hu, M. Curtis, J. A. Walter, J. L. McLachlan, J. L. C. Wright, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 9273-9276 (1995). 
  10. A. R. Yang, S. Lee, Y. D. Yoo, H.-S. Kim, E. J. Jeong, J.-R. Rho, J. Nat. Prod., 80, 1688-1692 (2017). 
  11. S. Lee, B. S. Hwang, H. S. Kim, W. Yih, E. J. Jeong, J.-R. Rho, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 35, 2945-2949 (2014). 
  12. T. Hu, J. Marr, A. S. W. DeFreitas, M. A. Quilliam, J. A. Water, J. L. C. Wright, S. Pleasance, J. Nat. Prod., 55, 1631-1637 (1992).