Human Ecology Research

  • 제62권3호
  • /
  • Pages.441-453
  • /
  • 2024
  • /
  • 2982-5725(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2982-6608(eISSN)
대한가정학회 (The Korean Home Economics Association)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

소셜미디어 내의 또래 체형규범과 체형관련 또래압력이 초기 여자 청소년의 신체이미지 과대왜곡에 미치는 영향

Influence of Peer Body Shape Norm and Peer Pressure Related to Body Shape on Social Media on Body Image Over-distortion of Early Adolescent Girls

  • 홍지연 (연세대학교 아동.가족학과 인간생애와 혁신적 디자인 융합전공) ;
  • 김두영 (연세대학교 심바이오틱라이프텍연구원 휴먼라이프 연구센터) ;
  • 김윤경 (연세대학교 생활환경대학원) ;
  • 박주희 (연세대학교 아동.가족학과)
  • Jeeyeon Hong (Department of Child & Family Studies / Human Life & Innovation Design, Yonsei University) ;
  • Dooyoung Kim (Symbiotic Life-tech Institute Human Life Research Center, Yonsei University) ;
  • Yoon Kyung Kim (Graduate School of Human Environmental Sciences, Yonsei University) ;
  • Ju Hee Park (Department of Child & Family Studies, Yonsei University)
  • 투고 : 2024.06.05
  • 심사 : 2024.07.15
  • 발행 : 2024.08.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of early adolescent girls with an over-distorted body image and to examine the influence of peer descriptive norm and peer injunctive norm related to body shape and peer pressure for thinness on social media on body image over-distortion. The participants were 505 female adolescents in the 1st and 2nd grades of middle school. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data with SPSS 26.0. The results were as follows. First, the body image over-distortion group contained more 2nd-grader early adolescent girls than 1st graders and approximately three-quarters of the body image over-distortion group had previously attempted to lose weight. Second, peer pressure for thinness on social media significantly predicted whether early adolescent girls were in the body image over-distortion group compared to the non-distortion group. These outcomes suggest that it is necessary to create a social media culture that encourages early adolescent girls to have a realistic and healthy body shape. The results also highlight the importance of developing social media literacy education programs that inform early adolescents of the potential harm of negative comments on social media, and teach them how to recognize and dismiss indiscriminate and harmful comments and contents on social media.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Bair, A., Steele, J. R., & Mills, J. S. (2014). Do these norms make me look fat? The effect of exposure to others' body preferences on personal body ideals. Body Image, 11(3), 275-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.04.004
  2. Baumgartner, S. E., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011). The influence of descriptive and injunctive peer norms on adolescents' risky sexual online behavior. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(12),753-758. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0510
  3. Bell, B. T. (2019). "You take fifty photos, delete forty nine and use one": A qualitative study of adolescent image-sharing practices on social media. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 20, 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2019.03.002
  4. Bergstrom, R. L., & Neighbors, C. (2006). Body image disturbance and the social norms approach: An integrative review of the literature. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(9), 975-1000. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2006.25.9.975
  5. Blanton, H., Stuart, A. E., & Van den Eijnden, R. J. (2001). An introduction to deviance-regulation theory: The effect of behavioral norms on message framing. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(7), 848-858. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201277007
  6. Blashill, A. J., & Wilhelm, S. (2014). Body image distortions, weight, and depression in adolescent boys: Longitudinal trajectories into adulthood. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 15(4), 445-451. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0034618
  7. Brown, B. B., Clasen, D. R., & Eicher, S. A. (1986). Perceptions of peer pressure, peer conformity dispositions, and self-reported behavior among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 22(4), 521-530. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0012-1649.22.4.521
  8. Brown, B. B., Eicher, S. A., & Petrie, S. (1986). The importance of peer group ("crowd") affiliation in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 9(1), 73-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-1971(86)80029-X
  9. Carey, R. N., Donaghue, N., & Broderick, P. (2013). Peer culture and body image concern among Australian adolescent girls: A hierarchical linear modelling analysis. Sex Roles, 69 , 250-263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-013-0305-0
  10. Chae, H. (2023, Feb 6). 145cm 30kg 'bone-thiness'..."I want to be a K-pop star." A death diet. The JoongAng. Retrieved May 12, 2024 from https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25138464
  11. Chan, G. H., & Lo, T. W. (2014). Do friendship and intimacy in virtual communications exist?: An investigation of online friendship and intimacy in the context of hidden youth in Hong Kong. Revista De Cercetare Si Interventie Sociala, 47, 117-136.
  12. Chang, L., Li, P., Loh, R. S. M., & Chua, T. H. (2019). A study of Singapore adolescent girls' selfie practices, peer appearance comparisons, and body esteem on Instagram. Body Image, 29, 90-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.03.005
  13. Choi, J. S., & Kim, J. S. (2017). Mediating effect of body image distortion on weight loss efforts in normal-weight and underweight Korean adolescent girls. Journal of School Health, 87(3), 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12483
  14. Chun I. A., Ryu, S. Y., Park, J., Han, M. A., Choi, S. W., & Ko, D. S. (2014). The associations between discordance of body image and physical activities among adults aged 19 to 64 years: Based on the data from 2010 community health survey. Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome, 23(4), 274-280. http://doi.org/10.7570/kjo.2014.23.4.274
  15. Davis, K. (2012). Friendship 2.0: Adolescents' experiences of belonging and self-disclosure online. Journal of Adolescence, 35(6), 1527-1536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.02.013
  16. Forrest, K. Y., & Stuhldreher, W. L. (2007). Patterns and correlates of body image dissatisfaction and distortion among college students. American Journal of Health Studies, 22(1), 18-25.
  17. French, D. C., & Cheung, H. S. (2018). Peer relationships. In Handbook of adolescent development research and its impact on global policy(pp. 130-149). Oxford University Press.
  18. Gondoli, D. M., Corning, A. F., Salafia, E. H. B., Bucchianeri, M. M., & Fitzsimmons, E. E. (2011). Heterosocial involvement, peer pressure for thinness, and body dissatisfaction among young adolescent girls. Body Image, 8 (2), 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.12.005
  19. Gwon, M. S., & Choi, S. W. (2020). A study on the body image distortion and body dissatisfaction of women in their 20s. The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence. 42(12), 193-218. https://doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2020.12.42.12.193
  20. Harter, S. (1993). Causes and consequences of low self-esteem in children and adolescents. In R. F. Baumeister (Ed.), Self-esteem: The puzzle of low self-regard (pp. 87-116). Plenum. http://doi.org/10.1348/014466608X295207
  21. Harriger, J. A., Evans, J. A., Thompson, J. K., & Tylka, T. L. (2022). The dangers of the rabbit hole: Reflections on social media as a portal into a distorted world of edited bodies and eating disorder risk and the role of algorithms. Body Image, 41, 292-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.03.007
  22. Hyun, M., Jung, Y, Kim, M., Kwak, Y., Hong, S., Bahk, W., et al. (2014). Factors associated with body image distortion in Korean adolescents. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 797-802. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S63143
  23. Jarman, H. K., Marques, M. D., McLean, S. A., Slater, A., & Paxton, S. J. (2021). Social media, body satisfaction and well-being among adolescents: A mediation model of appearance-ideal internalization and comparison. Body Image, 36, 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.11.005
  24. Jung, M., & Jeong, E. (2017). Convergence factors influencing body image in adolescents. Journal of Digital Convergence, 15(8), 267-275. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2017.15.8.267
  25. Kang, M. J. (2013). Identity and intimacy of adolescents and young adults: Differences based on the use of the social media. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 20(6), 1-28.
  26. Kenny, U., O'Malley-Keighran, M. P., Molcho, M., & Kelly, C. (2017). Peer influences on adolescent body image: Friends or foes?. Journal of Adolescent Research, 32 (6), 768-799. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558416665478
  27. Kim, H. L. (2012). The effects of sociocultural effects, BMI, body image, and self-esteem on body dissatisfaction in adolescents. The Korean Journal of Human Development, 19(3), 1-19.
  28. Kim, J. H., Yun, S., Hwang, S. S., Shim, J. O., Chae, H. W., Lee, Y. J., ... & Survey, N. (2018). The 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents: Development, improvement, and prospects. Korean Journal of Pediatrics, 61(5), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2018.61.5.135
  29. Korea disease control and prevention agency (2012). Standard growth charts for children and adolescents. Ministry of health and welfare.
  30. Lacroix, E., Atkinson, M. J., Garbett, K. M., & Diedrichs, P. C. (2022). One size does not fit all: Trajectories of body image development and their predictors in early adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 34(1), 285-294. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579420000917
  31. Lawler, M., & Nixon, E. (2011). Body dissatisfaction among adolescent boys and girls: The effects of body mass, peer appearance culture and internalization of appearance ideals. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9500-2
  32. Lee, H. J., Ha, H., Cui, Y. M., Lee, J. H., & Kang, M. J. (2024). Proposal for a cognitive reconstruction program for female college students experiencing body dissatisfaction. Human Ecology Research, 62(2), 369-383. https://doi.org/10.6115/her.2024.026
  33. Lee, S. E., & Lee, S. J. (2019). The effect of social media use on body image among adolescents: Fat talk, thin-ideal internalization, appearance upward comparison, and body dissatisfaction. Korean Journal of Communication Studies, 27 (1), 57-84. https://doi.org/10.23875/kca.27.1.3
  34. Maeng, S. J., & Han, C. K. (2017). The impact of body image distortion on depression in youths: Focusing on the mediating effects of stress. Health and Social Welfare Review, 37 (4), 238-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2017.37.4.238
  35. Matera, C., Nerini, A., & Stefanile, C. (2013). The role of peer influence on girls' body dissatisfaction and dieting. European Review of Applied Psychology, 63(2), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2012.08.002
  36. Ministry of education, Ministry of health and welfare, & Korea disease control and prevention agency (2016). The 12th (2016) Online youth health behavior survey. Ministry of education, Ministry of health and welfare, Korea disease control and prevention agency.
  37. Mond, J., Mitchison, D., Latner, J., Hay, P., Owen, C., & Rodgers, B. (2013). Quality of life impairment associated with body dissatisfaction in a general population sample of women. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-920
  38. Mussell, M. P., Binford, R. B., & Fulkerson, J. A. (2000). Eating disorders: Summary of risk factors, prevention programming, and prevention research. The Counseling Psychologist, 28(6), 764-796. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000000286002
  39. Mutale, G. J., Dunn, A. K., Stiller, J., & Larkin, R. (2016). Development of a body dissatisfaction scale assessment tool. The New School Psychology Bulletin, 13(2), 47-57.
  40. Pedalino, F., & Camerini, A. L. (2022). Instagram use and body dissatisfaction: the mediating role of upward social comparison with peers and influencers among young females. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031543
  41. Rosen, J. C. (2013). Body-image disorder: Definition, development, and contribution to eating disorders. In The etiology of bulimia nervosa (pp. 173-194). Taylor & Francis.
  42. Schaefer, L. M., Burke, N. L., Thompson, J. K., Dedrick, R. F., Heinberg, L. J., Calogero, R. M., et al. (2015). Development and validation of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4). Psychological Assessment, 27 (1), 54. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037917
  43. Schreurs, L., & Vandenbosch, L. (2022). Different interactions with appearance-focused social media content and adolescents' body dissatisfaction: A within-person perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 135, 107364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107364
  44. Scott, R. A., Stuart, J., & Barber, B. L. (2021). Contemporary friendships and social vulnerability among youth: Understanding the role of online and offline contexts of interaction in friendship quality. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 38(12), 3451-3471. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075211029384
  45. Scully, M., Swords, L., & Nixon, E. (2023). Social comparisons on social media: online appearance-related activity and body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 40(1), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.93
  46. Simons-Morton, B. G. (2002). Prospective analysis of peer and parent influences on smoking initiation among early adolescents. Prevention Science, 3(4), 275-283. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020876625045
  47. Son, H. M., Lee, H., & Lee, H. Y. (2015). Factors that influence body image disturbance among Korean adolescents using data from 2013 Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 17(4), 2251-2267.
  48. Stok, F. M., De Ridder, D. T., De Vet, E., & De Wit, J. B. (2014). Don't tell me what I should do, but what others do: The influence of descriptive and injunctive peer norms on fruit consumption in adolescents. British Journal of Health Psychology, 19 (1), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12030
  49. Tiggemann, M., & Barbato, I. (2018). "You look great!": The effect of viewing appearance-related Instagram comments on women's body image. Body Image, 27 , 61-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.009
  50. Tiggemann, M., & Velissaris, V. G. (2020). The effect of viewing challenging "reality check" Instagram comments on women's body image. Body Image, 33 , 257-263. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.04.004
  51. Van de Bongardt, D., Reitz, E., Sandfort, T., & Dekovic, M. (2015). A metaanalysis of the relations between three types of peer norms and adolescent sexual behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(3), 203-234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868314544223
  52. Voelker, D. K., Reel, J. J., & Greenleaf, C. (2015). Weight status and body image perceptions in adolescents: Current perspectives. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 2015(6), 149-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S68344
  53. Waldman, A., Loomes, R., Mountford, V. A., & Tchanturia, K. (2013). Attitudinal and perceptual factors in body image distortion: An exploratory study in patients with anorexia nervosa. Journal of Eating Disorders, 1(17), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-2974-1-17
  54. Wang, D., Li, Y., Lee, S. G., Wang, L., Fan, J., Zhang, G., et al. (2011). Ethnic differences in body composition and obesity related risk factors: Study in Chinese and white males living in China. PloS one , 6(5), e19835. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019835
  55. Webb, H. J., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2014). The role of friends and peers in adolescent body dissatisfaction: A review and critique of 15 years of research. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 24(4), 564-590. http://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12084
  56. Wertheim, E. H., & Paxton, S. J. (2011). Body image development in adolescent girls. In T. F. Cash & L. Smolak (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of science, practice, and prevention(2nd ed., pp. 76-84). The Guilford Press.
  57. White, K. M., Smith, J. R., Terry, D. J., Greensalde, J. H., & McKimmie, B. M. (2009). Social influence in the theory of planned behavior: The role of descriptive, injunctive, and in-group norms. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48, 135-158. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466608X295207
  58. Wulan, S. N., Westerterp, K. R., & Plasqui, G. (2010). Ethnic differences in body composition and the associated metabolic profile: A comparative study between Asians and Caucasians. Maturitas, 65(4), 315-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.12.012
  59. Xu, X., Mellor, D., Kiehne, M., Ricciardelli, L. A., McCabe, M. P., & Xu, Y. (2010). Body dissatisfaction, engagement in body change behaviors and sociocultural influences on body image among Chinese adolescents. Body Image, 7(2), 156-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.11.003
  60. Yun, H. J. (2018). Effect of body image distortion on mental health in adolescents. Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics, 43(3), 191-199. https://doi.org/10.21032/jhis.2018.43.3.191
  61. Yun, H. J., & Park, S. W. (2022). Factors affecting body image distortion in adolescents: Using data from the 16th (2020) Korea youth risk behavior survey. The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology, 8(2), 139-148. https://doi.org/10.17703/JCCT.2022.8.2.139