Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
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Genetic structure of apical membrane antigen-1 in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Pakistan

  • Komal Zaib (Department of Biochemistry Abdul Wali Khan University) ;
  • Asifullah Khan (Department of Biochemistry Abdul Wali Khan University) ;
  • Muhammad Umair Khan (Department of Biochemistry Abdul Wali Khan University) ;
  • Ibrar Ullah (Department of Biochemistry Abdul Wali Khan University) ;
  • Tuan Cuong Vo (Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Department of Convergence Medical Science, and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jung-Mi Kang (Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Department of Convergence Medical Science, and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Huong Giang Le (Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Department of Convergence Medical Science, and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Byoung-Kuk Na (Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Department of Convergence Medical Science, and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Sahib Gul Afridi (Department of Biochemistry Abdul Wali Khan University)
  • Received : 2024.03.28
  • Accepted : 2024.07.03
  • Published : 2024.08.31
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Abstract

Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen-1 (PfAMA-1) is a major candidate for the blood-stage malaria vaccine. Genetic polymorphisms of global pfama-1suggest that the genetic diversity of the gene can disturb effective vaccine development targeting this antigen. This study was conducted to explore the genetic diversity and gene structure of pfama-1 among P. falciparum isolates collected in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. A total of 19 full-length pfama-1 sequences were obtained from KP-Pakistan P. falciparum isolates, and genetic polymorphism and natural selection were investigated. KP-Pakistan pfama-1 exhibited genetic diversity, wherein 58 amino acid changes were identified, most of which were located in ectodomains, and domains I, II, and III. The amino acid changes commonly found in the ectodomain of global pfama-1 were also detected in KP-Pakistan pfama-1. Interestingly, 13 novel amino acid changes not reported in the global population were identified in KP-Pakistan pfama-1. KP-Pakistan pfama-1 shared similar levels of genetic diversity with global pfama-1. Evidence of natural selection and recombination events were also detected in KP-Pakistan pfama-1.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant (NRF-2024M3A9H5043141).

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