Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Sparganosis in the Indian Sub-continent and the Middle East

  • Yukifumi Nawa (Tropical Diseases Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Mio Tanaka (Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki) ;
  • Masahide Yoshikawa (Department of Pathogen and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University)
  • Received : 2023.11.19
  • Accepted : 2024.01.04
  • Published : 2024.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Sparganosis is one of the common zoonotic diseases caused by infection with the larval plerocercoids (spargana) of the cestode genus Spirometra. While this parasite distributes globally in canine and feline hosts, human infection is predominantly reported in East Asia, especially China, Korea, Japan, and Thailand. Maybe related to the behavior and food culture, this zoonotic disease is rather rare in South Asia to the Middle East. In these areas, sporadic case reports have been appeared mostly in the local medical journals. To draw a solid picture of sparganosis in these non-endemic areas of Asia, we made an extensive literature survey to gather sparganosis cases in the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study is a literature survey and is not a subject of ethical approval.

References

  1. Liu W, Gong T, Chen S, Liu Q, Zhou H, et al. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of sparganosis in Asia. Animals 2022;12(12):1578. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121578
  2. Kim JG, Ahn CS, Sohn WM, Nawa Y, Kong Y. Human sparganosis in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2018;33(44):e273. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e273
  3. Yoshikawa M, Ouji Y, Nishiofuku M, Ishizaka S, Nawa Y. Sparganosis cases reported in Japan in the recent decade, 2000-2009. Clin Parasitol 2010;21:33-36 (in Japanese).
  4. Anantaphruti MT, Nawa Y, Vanvanitchai Y. Human sparganosis in Thailand: an overview. Acta Tropica 2011;118(3):171-176. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.acta.tropica.2011.03.011
  5. Boonyasiri A, Cheunsuchon P, Suputtamongkol Y, Yamasaki H, Sanpool O, et al. Nine human sparganosis cases in Thailand with molecular identification of causative parasite species. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014;91(2):389. http://doi.org/10.4219/ajtmh.14.0218
  6. Datta KK, Datta SP, Sharma RS, Goyal SL. Sparganosis. J Indian Med Assoc 1982;79(5-6):78-80.
  7. Kaur S, Shukla P. Cerebral sparganosis masquerading brain neoplasm: a rare incidental case. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023;41:101-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.10.009
  8. Sen DK, Muller R, Gupta VP, Chilana JS. Cestode larva (Sparganum) in the anterior chamber of the eye. Trop Geogr Med 1989;41(3):270-273.
  9. Deshpande VV. Subcutaneous sparganosis--a rare infection in man. J Assoc Physic India 1993;41(10):685.
  10. Sharma MC, Sudha K, Rathore A, Sarkar C, Gaikwad S, et al. Two rare parasites of the human brain--Gnathostoma spinigerum and sparganum (Spirometra). J Assoc Physic India 1996;44(11):824-828.
  11. Kudesia S, Indira DB, Sarala D, Vani S, Yasha TC, et al. Sparganosis of brain and spinal cord: unusual tapeworm infestation (report of two cases). Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1998;100(2):148-152.
  12. Bharucha NE, Bhagwati AN, Kanphade MM. Epilepsy and solitary lesions. Surg Neurol 1999;52(2):208-209.
  13. Sundaram C, Prasad VS, Reddy JJ. Cerebral sparganosis. J Assoc Physic India 2003;51:1107-1109.
  14. Subudhi BN, Dash S, Chakrabarty D, Mishra DP, Senapati U. Ocular sparganosis. J Indian Med Assoc 2006;104(9):529-530.
  15. Mukherjee MS, Biswas J, Raman M. Subconjunctival larva migrans caused by spraganum. Ind J Ophthalmol 2007;55(3):242-243. https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.31959
  16. Rengarajan S, Nanjegowda N, Bhat D, Mahadevan A, Sampath S, et al. Cerebral sparganosis: a diagnostic challenge. Br J Neurosurg 2008;22(6):784-786. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688690802088073
  17. Duggal S, Mahajan R, Duggal N, Hans C. Case of sparganosis: a diagnostic dilemma. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011;29(2):183-186. https://doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.81789
  18. Khurana S, Appannanavar S, Bhatti HS, Verma S. Sparganosis of liver: a rare entity and review of literature. BMJ Case Rep 2012;2012:bcr2012006790. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2012-006790
  19. Anusha AM. Subcutaneous sparganosis: a rare case report. IOSR J Dent Med Sci 2014;13(6):6-8.
  20. Sabu L, Lakshmanan B, Devada K, Sundaresh Kumar P. Occurrence of human sparganosis in Kerala. J Parasitic Dis 2015;39(4):777-779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-014-0421-y
  21. Sudarsana J, Mampilly N, Rasalam N. Sparganosis-not uncommon in Calicut, Kerala. BMH Med J 2016;3(1):10-14.
  22. Nath R, Gogoi R. Ocular sparganosis from Assam. Trop Parasitol 2015;5(1):64-67. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5070.149930
  23. Agrawal DM, Agrawal DE, Murthy DR. Sparganosis -a rare case report. Int J Med Res Rev 2015;3(4):448-450. https://doi.org/10.17511/ijmrr.2015.i4.081
  24. Shah BC, Degloorkar S. Breast sparganosis: a rare cause of breast lump. J Case Rep 2016;6(4):534-536. https://doi.org/10.17659/01.2016.0130
  25. Trupti B, Shirish N, Maneesha P, Santosh A. An unusual case of urinary sparganosis in the Indian subcontinent. Indian J Urol 2018;34(2):158-160. https://doi.org/10.4103/iju.IJU_273_17
  26. Sharma S, Mahajan RK, Ram H, Karikalan M, Achra A. Sparganosis mimicking a soft-tissue tumor: a diagnostic challenge. Trop Parasitol 2021;11(1):49-51. https://doi.org/10.4103/tp.TP_40_20
  27. Mitchell A, Scheithauer BW, Kelly PJ, Forbes GS, Rosenblatt JE. Cerebral sparganosis. Case report. J Neurosurg 1990;73:147-150. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1990.73.1.0147
  28. Holodniy M, Almenoff J, Loutit J, Steinberg GK. Cerebral sparganosis: case report and review. Rev Infect Dis 1991;13(1):155-159. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/12.5.155
  29. Wijesundera MS, Ratnatunga N, Kumarasinghe MP, Dissanaike AS. First reports of subcutaneous sparganosis in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Med J 1997;42(1):30-32.
  30. Dissanaike AS, Anthonis PR, Sherifdeen AH, Ihalamulla RL, Karunaweera ND. Two more cases of sparganosis from Sri Lanka. Ceylon Med Sci 2001;44(1):19-22. https://doi.org/10.4038/cjms.v44i1.4869
  31. Alibhoy A, Perera F, Fernando R. Cerebral sparganosis: a case report from Sri Lanka. J Neurol Sci 2005;238:S468.
  32. Rai SK. Zoonotic parasitic diseases in Nepal. Proceedings of the Parasitic Zoonoses in Asia-Pacific Regions 2012, Kobe, Japan. 2012, pp 10-14.
  33. Devleesschauwer B, Ale A, Torgerson P, Praet N, de Noordhout C, et al. The burden of parasitic zoonoses in Nepal: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014;8(1):e2634. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002634
  34. Blundell S, Deshmukh M, McGregor A. A painful breast mass. Clin Infect Dis 2022;75(12):2275-2277. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac250
  35. Sah R, Khatri A, Kharel R, Kc H, Rabaan AA, et al. Case report: management of dead intraocular helminth parasites in asymptomatic patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020;103(2):719. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0218
  36. Nath TC, Eom KS, Choe S, Hm S, Islam S, et al. Insight into one health approach: endoparasite infections in captive wildlife in Bangladesh. Pathogens 2021;10(2):250. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens.10020250
  37. Gonzenbach RR, Kong Y, Beck B, Buck A, Weller M, et al. High-dose praziquantel therapy for cerebral sparganosis. J Neurol 2013;260:1423-1425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-013-6901-7
  38. Badri M, Eslahi AV, Majidiani H, Pirestani M. Spirometra erinaceieuropaei in a wildcat (Felis silvestris) in Iran. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Rep 2017;10:58-61. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.08.004
  39. Beiromvand M, Rafiei A, Razmjou E, Maraghi S. Multiple zoonotic helminth infections in domestic dogs in a rural area of Khuzestan Province in Iran. BMC Vet Res 2018;14(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1529-6
  40. Amouei A, Jahandar H, Daryani A, Sharif M, Sarvi S, et al. Carnivores as important reservoirs of intestinal helminthic infections in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2018;13(2):251-257.
  41. Al-Obaidi QT. Prevalence of internal helminthes in stray cats (Felis Catus) in Mosul City, Mosul-Iraq. J Animal Vet Adv 2012;11(15):2732-2736. https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2012.2732.2736
  42. Vafae Eslahi A, Kia EB, Mobedi I, Sharifdini M, Badri M, et al. Road killed carnivores illustrate the status of zoonotic helminths in Caspian Sea Littoral of Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2017;12(2):230-235.
  43. Yildirimhan HS, Bursey CR, Goldberg SR. Helminth parasites of the grass snake, Natrix natrix, and the dice snake, Natrix tessellata (Serpentes: Colubridae), from Turkey. Comp Parasitol 2007;74(2):343-354. https://doi.org/10.1654/4285.1
  44. Omar HM, Fahmy M, Abuowarda M. Hand palm sparganosis: morphologically and genetically confirmed Spirometra erinaceieuropaei in a fourteen-year-old girl, Egypt. J Parasitic Dis 2023;47:859-864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-023-01623-5
  45. Kuchta R, Kolodziej-Sobocinska M, Brabec J, Mlocicki D, Salamatin R, et al. Sparganosis (Spirometra) in Europe in the molecular era. Clin Infect Dis 2021;72(5):882-890. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1036
  46. Yamasaki H, Sugiyama H, Morishima Y, Kobayashi H. Description of Spirometra asiana sp. nov.(Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) found in wild boars and hound dogs in Japan. Parasitol Int 2024;98:102798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2023.102798
  47. Jeon HK, Park H, Lee D, Choe S, Kim KH, et al. Human infections with Spirometra decipiens plerocercoids identified by morphologic and genetic analyses in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(3):299-305. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.3.299
  48. Saksirisampant W, Eamudomkarn C, Jeon HK, Eom KS, Assavapongpaiboon B, et al. Ocular sparganosis: the first report of Spirometra ranarum in Thailand. Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):577-581. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.577