Biomolecules & Therapeutics

The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology (한국응용약물학회)
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Decellularized Matrices for the Treatment of Tissue Defects: from Matrix Origin to Immunological Mechanisms

  • Xinyue Wang (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology) ;
  • Jiqiang Guo (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology) ;
  • Qing Yu (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology) ;
  • Luyao Zhao (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology) ;
  • Xiang Gao (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology) ;
  • Li Wang (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology) ;
  • Meiling Wen (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology) ;
  • Junrong Yan (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology) ;
  • Meiwen An (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology) ;
  • Yang Liu (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology)
  • Received : 2024.03.23
  • Accepted : 2024.05.31
  • Published : 2024.09.01
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Abstract

Decellularized matrix transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for repairing tissue defects, with numerous studies assessing its safety and efficacy in both animal models and clinical settings. The host immune response elicited by decellularized matrix grafts of natural biological origin plays a crucial role in determining the success of tissue repair, influenced by matrix heterogeneity and the inflammatory microenvironment of the wound. However, the specific immunologic mechanisms underlying the interaction between decellularized matrix grafts and the host immune system remain elusive. This article reviews the sources of decellularized matrices, available decellularization techniques, and residual immunogenic components. It focuses on the host immune response following decellularized matrix transplantation, with emphasis on the key mechanisms of Toll-like receptor, T-cell receptor, and TGF-β/SMAD signaling in the stages of post-transplantation immunorecognition, immunomodulation, and tissue repair, respectively. Furthermore, it highlights the innovative roles of TLR10 and miR-29a-3p in improving transplantation outcomes. An in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the host immune response after decellularized matrix transplantation provides new directions for the repair of tissue defects.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12272251, 12002232, 31870934) and the General Program for Basic Research of Shanxi Province (202103021223100).

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