감성과학 (Science of Emotion and Sensibility)

  • 제27권2호
  • /
  • Pages.25-36
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  • 2024
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  • 1226-8593(pISSN)
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  • 2383-613X(eISSN)
한국감성과학회 (Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility)
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조합원 되기: 사회적 배제 위기와 친사회적 행동

Union Affiliation: Social Exclusion Risk and Prosocial Behavior

  • 조준형 (광운대학교 산업심리학과) ;
  • 이형철 (광운대학교 산업심리학과) ;
  • 김신우 (광운대학교 산업심리학과)
  • JunHyoung Jo ;
  • Hyung-Chul O. Li ;
  • ShinWoo Kim
  • 투고 : 2024.02.23
  • 심사 : 2024.04.11
  • 발행 : 2024.06.30
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초록

기존 연구들은 사회적 배제가 친사회적 행동에 미치는 영향에 대해 엇갈린 결과를 보고했다. 일부 연구들은 사회적 배제가 부정정서를 유발하고 친사회적 행동을 감소시킨다고 제안했으나 다른 연구들은 친사회적 동기와 행동의 증가를 보고했다. 이러한 상반된 결과는 친사회적 행동이 항상 관계회복과 사회적 재연결(social reconnection)로 이어지지는 않기 때문일 것이다. 친사회적 행동은 소속감 획득의 주요 수단이지만 배제상태에서 관계회복을 기대할 수 없다면 친사회적 행동은 불필요할 것이다. 배제 혹은 소속의 이분법적 상태만을 규정한 기존 연구와 달리 본 연구에서는 사회적 재연결 가능성이 존재하는 배제 위기 상황에서 친사회적 행동을 검증했다. 아울러 집단에 대한 기여 가능성을 보여주는 개인의 능력을 추가적인 독립변인으로 사용했다. 사회적 배제 위기와 참가자의 능력을 조작하기 위해 '조합원 되기'라는 시뮬레이션 게임을 실시했다. 참가자들은 인성검사로 지칭한 설문에 응답한 결과를 참고하여 상호 예비투표를 실시했고, 득표수로 배제 위기를 조작했다. 이후 조합원 능력검사로 지칭한 지각검사 결과를 공개하여 능력수준을 조작했다. 실험 1, 2에서 모두 배제 위기가 높고 능력이 낮은 참가자들이 더 많은 기부금을 약정하는 친사회적 행동을 보였다. 이 결과들은 사회적 배제 위기 상황에서 재연결 가능성이 친사회적 행동을 설명하는 핵심 변인임을 보여준다.

Past research reported mixed results on the effects of social exclusion on prosocial behavior. Whereas some studies reported an increase in prosocial motivation and behavior, others proposed that social exclusion causes a decrease in prosocial behavior along with negative reactions such as anger and aggression. These conflicting results may have arisen because prosocial behavior does not in itself always produce social reconnection. That is, although prosocial behavior is a major means of promoting social relationships, the excluded person does not need to act prosocially to benefit others unless the behavior leads to the restoration of the relationship. Unlike past research that assumed dichotomous situations of exclusion or belonging, the present research tested prosocial behavior in a social exclusion risk situation where the possibility of reconnection exists. In addition, we used the ability to potentially contribute to the group as another independent variable. We used a simulation game titled "Becoming a Union Member" to manipulate each participant's social exclusion risk and ability. Participants responded to a simple survey named member personality test and gave preliminary votes to one another, and exclusion risk was manipulated by the number of votes received. Later, ability was manipulated by disclosing perception test scores in the named member ability test. In both Experiments 1 and 2, participants who scored high in terms of social exclusion risk and low in the ability to potentially contribute showed prosocial behavior in stipulating larger donations. These results demonstrate that probable social reconnection defined by exclusion risk and ability is the key to explaining prosocial behavior following social exclusion.

키워드

과제정보

이 논문은 2022년도 광운대학교 교내 학술연구비 지원에 의해 연구되었음.

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