International Journal of Heart Failure

The Korean Society of Heart Failure (대한심부전학회)
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Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Spencer C. Lacy (Department of Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center) ;
  • Menhel Kinno (Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center) ;
  • Cara Joyce (Department of Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center) ;
  • Mingxi D. Yu (Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center)
  • Received : 2023.06.05
  • Accepted : 2023.09.18
  • Published : 2024.01.31
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Abstract

Background and Objectives: Atrial fibrillation is common in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. However, the optimal anticoagulation strategy to prevent thromboembolic events in patients with cardiac amyloidosis and atrial fibrillation is unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis compares direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) vs. vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with cardiac amyloidosis and atrial fibrillation. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review to identify clinical studies of anticoagulation therapies for patients with cardiac amyloidosis and atrial fibrillation. The primary outcomes of major bleeding and thrombotic events were reported using random effects risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Our search yielded 97 potential studies and evaluated 14 full-text articles based on title and abstract. We excluded 10 studies that were review articles or did not compare anticoagulation. We included 4 studies reporting on 1,579 patients. The pooled estimates are likely underpowered due to small sample sizes. There was no difference in bleeding events for patients with cardiac amyloidosis and atrial fibrillation treated with DOACs compared to VKAs with a RR of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.38-1.10; p=0.10). There were decreased thrombotic events for patients with cardiac amyloidosis and atrial fibrillation treated with DOACs compared to VKAs with a RR of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.32-0.79; p=0.003). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that DOACs are as safe and effective as VKAs in patients with cardiac amyloidosis and atrial fibrillation. However, more data are needed to investigate clinical differences in anticoagulation therapy in this patient population.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Amgad Mentias and Dr. Mazen Hanna from the Cleveland Clinic Foundation who shared data for inclusion in this meta-analysis.

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