Korean Journal of Plant Resources (한국자원식물학회지)

The Plant Resources Society of Korea (한국자원식물학회)
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Screening of Valuable Naked Oat (Avena sativa L.) Germplasms through Comparison of Agronomic Traits

주요 농업형질 비교를 통한 쌀귀리 유용 유전자원 탐색

  • Jin-Cheon Park (Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Chang-Hyun Lee (Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Young-Mi Yoon (Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Yu-Young Lee (Crop Post-harvest Technology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Myoung-Jae Shin (Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • On-Sook Hur (Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA)
  • 박진천 (국립식량과학원 작물육종과) ;
  • 이창현 (국립식량과학원 작물육종과) ;
  • 윤영미 (국립식량과학원 작물육종과) ;
  • 이유영 (국립식량과학원 수확후이용과) ;
  • 신명재 (국립농업과학원 농업유전자원센터) ;
  • 허온숙 (국립식량과학원 작물육종과)
  • Received : 2024.02.20
  • Accepted : 2024.04.25
  • Published : 2024.08.01
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Abstract

Naked oat is particularly vulnerable to cold weather among cereal crops, and frequent lodging due to their long culm length. Also it is difficult to cultivate in double cropping system with rice because of late maturity in Korea. In this study, we charaterized 71 naked oat germplasms including two control varieties with agronomic traits, to select superior resources and use them for the improvement of exsiting varieties. The maturity date was May 26th for 'Joyang' and June 1st for 'Daeyang', and there were 5 resources including IT302003, which was earlier than Daeyang. In the case of culm length, the distribution ranged from 62 to 124 cm, and there were 13 resources, including IT209241, that were shorter than 'Joyang' (84 cm) and 'Daeyang' (83 cm). In correlation analysis of agronomic traits, the highest positive correlation (r=0.89) was observed between days to heading and days to maturity. In addition, culm length and spike length (r=0.72) and days to heading (r=0.50) showed a positive correlation. However, Barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV) and grain yield (r=-0.30), lodging tolerance and liter weight (r=-0.37) showed a negative correlation. Cluster analysis, resources with similar traits such as liter weight, husk ratio, days to heading, and days to maturing were subclassified. Through this analysis, 6 resources, including IT302002 (X345-1-B4-20-1), which had short culm length, early maturity, and cold tolerance compared to 'Joyang' and 'Daeyang', were selected. Among the selected excellent resources, the avenanthramide content of the four resources was IT302002 (325.18 ㎍/g), K000010 (557.3㎍/g), K253299 (447.33 ㎍/g), and K253301 (440.49 ㎍/g), respectively, which was higher than 'Daeyang' (301.97 ㎍/g). These excellent resources will be used as breeding materials for the development of new varieties in the future.

쌀귀리는 영양학적 가치 입증에 따른 소비 증가로 국내에서도 재배면적이 꾸준히 확대되고 있다. 하지만 주 재배 품종 중 하나인 '조양'은 추위에 약해 적응지역이 남부지역으로 국한되어 있어 보급 확대가 어려운 실정이다. 또다른 품종인 '대양'의 경우에는 늦은 숙기로 인해 이모작 재배가 어렵고, 수확기 장마로 인해 안정적 수량 확보에 문제가 된다. 또한, 이상의 두 품종은 모두 큰키로 인해 농가 현장에서 잦은 도복 문제가 발생하고 있다. 한편, 국내 기능성 잡곡의 수요 증가로 쌀귀리 재배농가 및 소비자 수요가 높아지고 있으나, 생산량 부족으로 인해 상대적으로 가공이 까다로운 겉귀리 품종이 주로 사용되고 있다. 이처럼, 국내 쌀귀리 수요 증가에 따른 안정적 재배 및 생산을 위해서 기존 품종의 단점 형질을 개선한 품종 육성이 시급하며, 신품종 육성을 위한 신규 육종 소재로의 활용을 위해 다양한 쌀귀리 유전자원의 특성 평가를 수행하였다. 표준품종을 '조양', 대비품종을 '대양'으로 설정하여 농업형질 및 품질을 비교 분석하였으며, 기존 품종 대비 내한성이 좋거나 단간으로 쓰러짐에 강하면서 숙기도 빠른 자원 위주로 우선 선발하였다. 성숙기는 '대양'보다 빠른 자원이 IT302003 (5월 26일) 등 5 자원이 분포하였고, '조양'을 포함한 3 자원이 5월 26일, K155682 (X345-1-B4-15-1) 등 2 자원이 5월 28일로 빨랐다. 간장은 62~124 cm까지 다양하게 측정되었으며, '조양' 84 cm, '대양' 83 cm보다 단간인 자원은 IT209241 (77 cm) 등 13 자원이 있었다. 또한, 한해는 '조양' 5, '대양' 5로 나타났는데 기존 품종보다 더 내한성이 강한 자원은 IT166621 (RHIANON) 등 9 자원으로 확인되었다. 이상의 농업형질 특성 결과를 종합하여 선발된 우수자원은 6 자원으로 IT302002 (X345-1-B4-20-1), IT302003 (X305-1-B5-1), K000010 (AC Belmond), K253298 (X216-1-B2-11-B3-1), K253299 (X345-1-B4-15-1), K253301 (X305-1-B5-2-1)이었다. 선발된 6 자원의 원맥 품질 및 기능성분 함량을 분석한 결과 조단백질은 12.0~14.1%, 회분은 1.8~2.0%, 조지방 7.4~10.6%, 전분 58.0~61.2% 범위였다. 기능성분 중 베타글루칸 함량은 3.9~4.8% 범위로 '대양'이 가장 높았으며, 선발 자원 중 가장 함량이 높은 자원은 K253301 (X305-1-B5-2-1)이었다. 아베난쓰라마이드 함량은 기존 '대양'(301.97 ㎍/g)보다 높은 자원이 4 자원이었고, 함량은 각각 IT302002 (325.18 ㎍/g), K000010 (557.3 ㎍/g), K253299 (447.33 ㎍/g), K253301 (440.49 ㎍/g)로 나타났다. 선발된 우수자원은 추후 신품종 육성을 위한 교배모본으로 활용될 예정이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 농업과학기술 연구개발사업(과제명: 식용 쌀귀리 다수성 우량계통 육성, 과제번호: PJ017265012023)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.

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