DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Nodding as a Catalyst for Improving Attitudes and Purchase Intentions in Online Context

  • Yusu Lee (KU Business School, Korea University) ;
  • Jinhee Choi (KU Business School, Korea University)
  • Received : 2024.03.08
  • Accepted : 2024.06.09
  • Published : 2024.07.31

Abstract

This study investigates the influences of the head movement (nodding vs. head shaking vs. nothing) on consumer attitude and purchase intention toward the product in an online shopping context and introduces the consumer motivation (need vs. want) as a moderating factor for this relationship. Through two studies, this article finds that nodding, as opposed to head shaking or no movement, leads to more positive attitudes and higher purchase intentions toward the product, and this effect is strengthened when the shopping is pursued with a need compared to a want motivation. The effect is found specifically in the fashion industry, where online shopping is most prevalent. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, Hee Kyung (2012), "The Effects of Hot Temperature on Impulsive Behaviors," Asia Marketing Journal, 14 (3), 27-48.
  2. Andonova, Elena and Holly A. Taylor (2012), "Nodding in Dis/Agreement: A Tale of Two Cultures," Cognitive Processing, 13 (S1), 79-82.
  3. Andreu, Luisa, Enrique Bigne, Ruben Chumpitaz, and Valerie Swaen (2006), "How Does the Perceived Retail Environment Influence Consumers' Emotional Experience? Evidence from Two Retail Settings," International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 16 (5), 559-578.
  4. Argyle, Michael and Mark Cook (1976), Gaze and Mutual Gaze. Cambridge U Press.
  5. Arndt, Jamie (1978), "How Broad Should the Marketing Concept Be? Should It Be Developed into a Full-Fledged Behavioral Science?" Journal of Marketing, 42 (1), 101-103.
  6. Barsalou, Lawrence W. (2008), "Grounded Cognition," Annual Review of Psychology, 59 (1), 617-645.
  7. Bates, Elizabeth, Luigia Camaioni, and Virginia Volterra (1975), "The Acquisition of Performatives Prior to Speech," Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development, 21 (3), 205-226.
  8. Bavelas, Janet B., Linda Coates, and Trudy Johnson (2002), "Listener Responses as a Collaborative Process: The Role of Gaze," Journal of Communication, 52 (3), 566-580.
  9. Bavelas, Janet, Christine Kenwood, Trudy Johnson, and Bruce Phillips (2002), "An Experimental Study of When and How Speakers Use Gestures to Communicate," Gesture, 2 (1), 1-17.
  10. Bridges, Eileen and Renee Florsheim (2008), "Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopping Goals: The Online Experience," Journal of Business Research, 61 (4), 309-314.
  11. Campos, Joseph J., David I. Anderson, Marianne A. Barbu-Roth, Edwdard M. Hubbard, Matthew J. Hertenstein, and David Witherington (2000), "Travel Broadens the Mind," Infancy, 1 (2), 149-219.
  12. Chandler, Jesse, David Reinhard, and Nobert Schwarz (2012), "To Judge a Book by Its Weight You Need to Know Its Content: Knowledge Moderates the Use of Embodied Cues," Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48 (4), 948-952.
  13. Cho, Eunice Kim and Hee Kyung Ahn (2020), "Muscling My Way to My Positive Future: Physical Exertion of Strength and Preference for Risk," Asia Marketing Journal, 22 (1), 27-39.
  14. Choi, Jinhee and Ayelet Fishbach (2011), "Choice as an End versus a Means," Journal of Marketing Research, 48 (3), 544-554.
  15. Deci, Edward L. and Richard M. Ryan (1985), "The General Causality Orientations Scale: Self-Determination in Personality," Journal of Research in Personality, 19 (2), 109-134.
  16. Dhar, Ravi and Klaus Wertenbroch (2000), "Consumer Choice between Hedonic and Utilitarian Goods," Journal of Marketing Research, 37 (1), 60-71.
  17. Eagly, Alice H. and Shelly Chaiken (1993), The Psychology of Attitudes. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
  18. Fiore, Ann Marie, Xinlu Yah, and Eunah Yoh (2000), "Effects of a Product Display and Environmental Fragrancing on Approach Responses and Pleasurable Experiences," Psychology & Marketing, 17 (1), 27-54.
  19. Goldin-Meadow, Susan and Sian L. Beilock (2010), "Action's Influence on Thought: The Case of Gesture," Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5 (6), 664-674.
  20. Hair Jr, Joseph F., Rolph E. Anderson, Ronald L. Tatham, and William C. Black (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis. Prentice Hall.
  21. Hayes, Andrew F. (2013), Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach (pp. 20). Guilford Press.
  22. Hoffman, Donna L. and Thomas P. Novak (1996), "Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments: Conceptual Foundations," Journal of Marketing, 60 (3), 50-68.
  23. Holmqvist, Kenneth and Richard Andersson (2017), Eye Tracking: A Comprehensive Guide to Methods, Paradigms, and Measures, Oxford U Press.
  24. Jung, Sungjin and David Dubois (2023), "When and How Slow Motion Makes Products More Luxurious," Journal of Marketing Research, 60 (6), 1177-1196.
  25. Kardes, Frank R., Maria L. Cronley, and Thomas W. Cline (2011), Consumer Behavior. Cengage Learning.
  26. Katz, Daniel (1960), "The Functional Approach to the Study of Attitudes," Public Opinion Quarterly, 24 (2), 163-204.
  27. Kendon, Adam (1967), "Some Functions of Gaze-Direction in Social Interaction," Acta Psychologica, 26, 22-63.
  28. Khan, Uzma, Ravi Dhar, and Klaus Wertenbroch (2005), "A Behavioral Decision Theory Perspective on Hedonic and Utilitarian Choice," in Inside Consumption: Consumer Motives, Goals, and Desires, S. Ratneshwar and David G. Mick, eds. Routledge, 144-165.
  29. Khaneja, Suyash, Shahzeb Hussain, T. C. Melewar, and Pantea Foroudi (2022), "The Effects of Physical Environment Design on the Dimensions of Emotional Well-Being: A Qualitative Study from the Perspective of Design and Retail Managers," Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 25 (2), 161-180.
  30. Kim, Hakkyun, Youngjee Han, and Eunmi Jeon (2019), "You Want More When You Have Something in Your Hand," Asia Marketing Journal, 20 (4), 49-64.
  31. Krishna, Aradhna and Nobert Schwarz (2014), "Sensory Marketing, Embodiment, and Grounded Cognition: A Review and Introduction," Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24 (2), 159-168.
  32. Krishna, Aradhna, Luca Cian, and Nilufer Z. Aydinoglu (2017), "Sensory Aspects of Package Design," Journal of Retailing, 93 (1), 43-54.
  33. Krishna, Aradhna, Spike W. S. Lee, Ziuping Li, and Nobert Schwarz (2017), "Embodied Cognition, Sensory Marketing, and the Conceptualization of Consumers' Judgment and Decision Processes: Introduction to the Issue," Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 2 (4), 377-381.
  34. Lakoff, George, Mark Johnson, and John F. Sowa (1999), "Review of Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought," Computational Linguistics, 25 (4), 631-634.
  35. Landau, Mark J., Brian P. Meier, and Lucas A. Keefer (2010), "A Metaphor-Enriched Social Cognition," Psychological Bulletin, 136 (6), 1045-1067.
  36. Lee, Spike W. S. and Nobert Schwarz (2011), "Wiping the Slate Clean: Psychological Consequences of Physical Cleansing," Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20 (5), 307-311.
  37. Liljenquist, Katie, Chen-Bo Zhong, and Adam D. Galinsky (2010), "The Smell of Virtue: Clean Scents Promote Reciprocity and Charity," Psychological Science, 21 (3), 381-383.
  38. Matsumoto, David, and Hyisung C. Hwang (2013), "Cultural Similarities and Differences in Emblematic Gestures," Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 37 (1), 1-27.
  39. Maynard, Douglas W. (1988), "Language, Interaction, and Social Problems," Social Problems, 35 (4), 311-334.
  40. McClave, Evelyn Z. (2000), "Linguistic Functions of Head Movements in the Context of Speech," Journal of Pragmatics, 32 (7), 855-878.
  41. Min, Dongwon and Hyun Mo Kang (2013), "From Thinking to Action," Asia Marketing Journal, 15 (2), 117-132.
  42. Moon, Byoung J., Sung G. Jung, and Kyung C. Cha (2022), "A Study on the Types of Impulse Purchasing according to TV Home Shopping and Live Commerce: Focusing on the Reduction of Cognitive Dissonance Experience," Korean Journal of Marketing, 37 (2), 21-44.
  43. Okada, Erica M. (2005), "Justi cation Effects on Consumer Choice of Hedonic and Utilitarian Goods," Journal of Marketing Research, 42 (1), 43-53.
  44. Osugi, Takayuki and Jun I. Kawahara (2018), "Effects of Head Nodding and Shaking Motions on Perceptions of Likeability and Approachability," Perception, 47 (1), 16-29.
  45. Peck, Joann, and Terry L. Childers (2003), "Individual Differences in Haptic Information Processing: The 'Need for Touch' Scale," Journal of Consumer Research, 30 (3), 430-442.
  46. Ranaweera, Achini T., Brett A. Martin, and Hyung Seung Jin (2021), "What You Touch, Touches You: The Influence of Haptic Attributes on Consumer Product Impressions," Psychology and Marketing, 38 (1), 183-195.
  47. Riskind, John H. (1984), "They Stoop to Conquer: Guiding and Self-Regulatory Functions of Physical Posture after Success and Failure," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47 (3), 479.
  48. Robson, Jocelyn and Bill Bailey (2009), "'Bowing from the Heart': An Investigation into Discourses of Professionalism and the Work of Caring for Students in Further Education," British Educational Research Journal, 35 (1), 99-117.
  49. Rodgers, Shelly (2003), "The Effects of Sponsor Relevance on Consumer Reactions to Internet Sponsorships," Journal of Advertising, 32 (4), 67-76.
  50. Rotman, Jeff D., Seung Hwan (Mark) Lee, and Andrew W. Perkins (2017), "The Warmth of Our Regrets: Managing Regret through Physiological Regulation and Consumption," Journal of Consumer Psychology, 27 (2), 160-170.
  51. Sansone, Carol and Judith M. Harackiewicz (2014), "I don't feel like it: The function of interest in self-regulation," in Striving and feeling, Psychology Press, 203-228.
  52. Senecal, Sylvain, Jamel-Eddine Gharbi, and Jacques Nantel (2002), "The Influence of Flow on Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopping Values," Advances in Consumer Research, 28 (1), 483-484.
  53. Sengupta, Jaideep and Gita V. Johar (2002), "Effects of Inconsistent Attribute Information on the Predictive Value of Product Attitudes: Toward a Resolution of Opposing Perspectives," Journal of Consumer Research, 29 (1), 39-56.
  54. Shah, James Y. and Arie W. Kruglanski (2000), "The Structure and Substance of Intrinsic Motivation," in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation, Carol Sansone and Judith M. Harackiewicz, eds. Academic Press, 105-127.
  55. Shani-Feinstein, Yael, Ellie J. Kyung, and Jacob Goldenberg (2022), "Moving, Fast or Slow: How Perceived Speed Influences Mental Representation and Decision Making," Journal of Consumer Research, 49 (3), 520-542.
  56. Sharma, Piyush, Bharadhwaj Sivakumaran, and Roger Marshall (2010), "Impulse Buying and Variety Seeking: A Trait-Correlates Perspective," Journal of Business Research, 63 (3), 276-283.
  57. Shi, Yi and Jaewoo Joo (2023), "Effect of Space Order on Impulse Buying: Moderated by Self-Construal," Behavioral Sciences, 13 (8), 638.
  58. Sidner, Candace L., Christopher Lee, Louis-Philippe Morency, and Clifton Forlines (2006), "The Effect of Head-Nod Recognition in Human-Robot Conversation," in Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI/SIGART Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 290-296.
  59. Spears, Nancy and Surendra N. Singh (2004), "Measuring Attitude toward the Brand and Purchase Intentions," Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 26 (2), 53-66.
  60. Solomon, Michael R. (2020), Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, and Being. Pearson.
  61. Spellman, Barbara A. and Simone Schnall (2009), "Embodied Rationality," Queen's Law Journal, 35 (1), 117-164.
  62. To, Pui-Lai, Chechen Liao, and Tzu-Hua Lin (2007), "Shopping Motivations on Internet: A Study Based on Utilitarian and Hedonic Value," Technovation, 27 (12), 774-787.
  63. Toiviainen, Petri, Geoff Luck, and Marc R. Thompson (2010), "Embodied Meter: Hierarchical Eigenmodes in Music-Induced Movement," Music Perception, 28 (1), 59-70.
  64. Tracy, Jessica L. and David Matsumoto (2008), "The Spontaneous Expression of Pride and Shame: Evidence for Biologically Innate Nonverbal Displays," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105 (33), 11655-11660.
  65. van der Wel, Pauline and Henk van Steenbergen (2018), "Pupil Dilation as an Index of Effort in Cognitive Control Tasks: A Review," Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 25 (6), 2005-2015.
  66. Veenstra, Lotte, Iris K. Schneider, and Sander L. Koole (2017), "Embodied Mood Regulation: The Impact of Body Posture on Mood Recovery, Negative Thoughts, and Mood-Congruent Recall," Cognition and Emotion, 31 (7), 1361-1376.
  67. Wells, Gary L., and Richard E. Petty (1980), "The Effects of Over Head Movements on Persuasion: Compatibility and Incompatibility of Responses," Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1 (3), 219-230.
  68. Williams, Laurence E. and John A. Bargh (2008), "Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth," Science, 322 (5901), 606-607.
  69. Xu, Alison Jing, Rami Zwick, and Nobert Schwarz (2011), "Washing Away Your (Good or Bad) Luck: Physical Cleansing Affects Risk-Taking Behavior," Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141 (Jun), 26-30.
  70. Zhang, Meng and Xiuping Li (2012), "From Physical Weight to Psychological Significance: The Contribution of Semantic Activations," Journal of Consumer Research, 38 (6), 1063-1075.
  71. Zhang, Yinglong and L. J. Shrum (2009), "The Influence of Self-Construal on Impulsive Consumption," Journal of Consumer Research, 35 (5), 838-850.
  72. Zhang, Xinrui and Luo Wang (2023), "The Influence of Design Aesthetics on the Purchase Intention of AI-Generated Products: Taking Cultural and Creative Products as an Example," in Proceedings of International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII). 657-669.