Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine (대한예방의학회)
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Common Mental Disorders and Associated Factors During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Indonesia: An Analysis of Data From the 2018 Basic Health Research

  • Arum Ariasih ( Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia) ;
  • Besral (Departement of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia) ;
  • Meiwita Budiharsana (Departement of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia) ;
  • Sudarto Ronoatmodjo (Departement of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia)
  • Received : 2024.02.16
  • Accepted : 2024.05.22
  • Published : 2024.07.31
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Abstract

Objectives: A substantial proportion of women experience mental health challenges during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, are prevalent. Identifying causes and associated risk factors is imperative for early intervention and the prevention of mental health issues. Methods: This study utilized data from the 2018 Basic Health Research, which was conducted nationwide in Indonesia, using a cross-sectional approach. We focused on women aged 13-49 years who were currently or previously married, and had experienced pregnancy, including 8889 pregnant women and 77 012 women who had delivered between January 1, 2013 and August 31, 2018. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 was employed to assess CMDs. Multivariate logistic regression was performed. Results: The prevalence of CMDs in pregnant women was 12.6%, while postpartum mothers exhibited a prevalence of 10.1%. Poor health status displayed the strongest impact on CMDs during both pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 12.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.01 to 16.60) and the postpartum period (aOR, 16.72; 95% CI, 14.85 to 18.82). Additional significant factors for both group include young maternal age, lack of education, unemployment, history of hypertension, and smoking status. Among pregnant women, CMDs was also associated with first-trimester pregnancy, previous pregnancy complications, and small upper arm circumference. For postpartum mothers, significant factors include living in rural areas, history of abortion, unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy complications, lack of antenatal care, spontaneous delivery, postpartum complications and contraceptive use. Conclusions: CMDs can impact in pregnant and postpartum women. Early diagnosis and management must be seamlessly integrated into primary healthcare practices.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The first author would like to express sincere gratitude to the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP) under the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia for the scholarship that supported this research. Additionally, the authors would like to thank the Head of the Health Policy and Development Agency at the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia for providing the dataset and granting permission for the analysis, representation, and publication of the findings.

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