Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science

korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science (물리치료재활과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

2D Single-legged Dynamic Knee Valgus assessments Methods: Evaluating Risk Factor for Internal Derangement of the Knee; Literature Review

  • Hyun Lee (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VHS Medical Center) ;
  • Jihye Jung (Institute of SMART Rehabilitation, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Seungwon Lee (Institute of SMART Rehabilitation, Sahmyook University)
  • Received : 2024.06.25
  • Accepted : 2024.06.29
  • Published : 2024.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate various research that have examined dynamic knee valgus and to pinpoint a straightforward, clinically practical 2D assessment method for dynamic knee valgus that is user-friendly. Design: A literature review Methods: This literature review was conducted in Pubmed, MEDLINE® and Google Scholar with the following key words: Knee valgus angle, Knee valgus evaluation, Knee valgus assessment, Dynamic knee valgus. After removing duplicate studies, 53 articles were initially chosen using this method, with 17 studies ultimately meeting the selection criteria. Results: Based on the comprehensive review of various studies, the Single Leg Squat (SLS) was identified as the most popular test method, followed by the Single Leg Landing (SLL) as the next most common test method. The Frontal Plane Projection Angle (FPPA) method was the most representative method for measuring dynamic knee valgus (DKV) during these tests. SLS was found in a total of 10 studies, while SLL was found in 7 studies. Conclusions: The most commonly proposed test for assessing DKV is measuring the SLS using the FPPA method. However, when applied to individuals without knee pathology, the discriminative power of this method may be limited. This suggests the need for further research to explore alternative methods for assessing DKV in this population.

Keywords

References

  1. Hewett TE, Ford KR, Hoogenboom BJ, Myer GD. Understanding and preventing acl injuries: current biomechanical and epidemiologic considerations-update 2010. N Am J Sports Phys Ther. 2010;5:234.
  2. McCarthy MM, Voos JE, Nguyen JT, Callahan L, Hannafin JA. Injury profile in elite female basketball athletes at the Women's National Basketball Association combine. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41:645-51. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512474223
  3. Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR, Heidt Jr RS, Colosimo AJ, McLean SG, et al. Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:492-501. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504269591
  4. Powers CM. The influence of altered lower-extremity kinematics on patellofemoral joint dysfunction: a theoretical perspective. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33:639-46. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.11.639
  5. Myer GD, Ford KR, Foss KDB, Goodman A, Ceasar A, Rauh MJ, et al. The incidence and potential pathomechanics of patellofemoral pain in female athletes. Clin Biomech. 2010;25:700-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.04.001
  6. Munro A, Herrington L, Comfort P. Comparison of landing knee valgus angle between female basketball and football athletes: Possible implications for anterior cruciate ligament and patellofemoral joint injury rates. Phys Ther Sport. 2012;13:259-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2012.01.005
  7. Numata H, Nakase J, Kitaoka K, Shima Y, Oshima T, Takata Y, et al. Two-dimensional motion analysis of dynamic knee valgus identifies female high school athletes at risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018;26:442-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-017-4681-9
  8. Pappas E, Hagins M, Sheikhzadeh A, Nordin M, Rose D. Biomechanical differences between unilateral and bilateral landings from a jump: gender differences. Clin J Sport Med. 2007;17:263-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e31811f415b
  9. Ugalde V, Brockman C, Bailowitz Z, Pollard CD. Single leg squat test and its relationship to dynamic knee valgus and injury risk screening. PM R. 2015;7:229-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.08.361
  10. Almeida GP, Silva AP, Franca FJ, Magalhaes MO, Burke TN, Marques AP. Q-angle in patellofemoral pain: relationship with dynamic knee valgus, hip abductor torque, pain and function. Rev Bras Ortop. 2016;51:181-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rboe.2016.01.010
  11. Llurda-Almuzara L, Perez-Bellmunt A, Lopez-de-Celis C, Aiguade R, Seijas R, Casasayas-Cos O, et al. Normative data and correlation between dynamic knee valgus and neuromuscular response among healthy active males: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2020;10:17206.
  12. Rostami M, Sedaghati P, Daneshmandi H. The effectiveness of the STOP-X training program on the knee valgus angle and balance in female basketball players with dynamic knee valgus: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024;16:52.
  13. de Vasconcelos DP, Aidar FJ, Lima TB, Filho F, Mendonca ILA, Diaz-de-Durana AL, et al. Assessment of Dynamic Knee Valgus between Lateral Step-Down Test and Running in Female Runners with and without Patellofemoral Pain Using Two-Dimensional Video Analysis. Clin Pract. 2022;12:425-35. https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract12030047
  14. Jamaludin NI, Sahabuddin FNA, Rasudin NS, Shaharudin S. The Concurrent Validity and Reliability of Single Leg Squat Among Physically Active Females with and without Dynamic Knee Valgus. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2022;17:574-84. https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.35706
  15. Kagaya Y, Fujii Y, Nishizono H. Association between hip abductor function, rear-foot dynamic alignment, and dynamic knee valgus during single-leg squats and drop landings. J Sport Health Sci. 2015;4:182-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2013.08.002
  16. Karimi K, Seidi F, Mousavi SH, Alghosi M, Morad NH. Comparison of postural sway in individuals with and without dynamic knee valgus. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2023;15:75.
  17. Wyndow N, Collins NJ, Vicenzino B, Tucker K, Crossley KM. Foot and ankle characteristics and dynamic knee valgus in individuals with patellofemoral osteoarthritis. J Foot Ankle Res. 2018;11:65.
  18. Herrington L. Knee valgus angle during single leg squat and landing in patellofemoral pain patients and controls. Knee. 2014;21:514-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2013.11.011
  19. Munro A, Herrington L, Carolan M. Reliability of 2-dimensional video assessment of frontal-plane dynamic knee valgus during common athletic screening tasks. J Sport Rehabil. 2012;21:7-11. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.21.1.7
  20. Di Staulo AM, Scholtes SA, Salsich GB. A descriptive report of the variability in 3D hip and knee kinematics during a single limb squat in women who have patellofemoral pain and visually classified dynamic knee valgus. Physiother Theory Pract. 2021;37:1481-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2019.1698082
  21. Garcia-Luna MA, Cortell-Tormo JM, Garcia-Jaen M, Ortega-Navarro M, Tortosa-Martinez J. Acute Effects of ACL Injury-Prevention Warm-Up and Soccer-Specific Fatigue Protocol on Dynamic Knee Valgus in Youth Male Soccer Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17.
  22. Wilczynski B, Waz P, Zorena K. Impact of Three Strengthening Exercises on Dynamic Knee Valgus and Balance with Poor Knee Control among Young Football Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel). 2021;9.
  23. Herrington L, Munro A. Drop jump landing knee valgus angle; normative data in a physically active population. Phys Ther Sport. 2010;11:56-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2009.11.004
  24. Almeida GPL, Franca FJR, Magalhaes MO, Burke TN, Marques AP. Q-angle in patellofemoral pain: relationship with dynamic knee valgus, hip abductor torque, pain and function. Rev Bras Ortop. 2016;51:181-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbo.2015.05.003