Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (한국수산과학회)
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Captive breeding of endangered betta fish, Betta rubra, under laboratory conditions

  • Agus Priyadi (Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency) ;
  • Asep Permana (Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency) ;
  • Eni Kusrini (Research Center for Fishery, National Research and Innovation Agency) ;
  • Erma Primanita Hayuningtyas (Research Center for Fishery, National Research and Innovation Agency) ;
  • Bastiar Nur (Research Center for Fishery, National Research and Innovation Agency) ;
  • Lukman (Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency) ;
  • Josie South (School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds) ;
  • Sawung Cindelaras (Research Center for Fishery, National Research and Innovation Agency) ;
  • Sulasy Rohmy (Research Center for Fishery, National Research and Innovation Agency) ;
  • Rendy Ginanjar (Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency) ;
  • Muhamad Yamin (Research Center for Fishery, National Research and Innovation Agency) ;
  • Djamhuriyah S Said (Research Center for Limnology and Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency) ;
  • Tutik Kadarini (Research Center for Fishery, National Research and Innovation Agency) ;
  • Darmawan Setia Budi (Study Program of Aquaculture, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Universitas Airlangga)
  • Received : 2023.11.07
  • Accepted : 2023.12.20
  • Published : 2024.04.30
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Abstract

Betta rubra, classified as endangered fish species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), has been successfully bred and raised in captivity for two generations under laboratory conditions. This study aimed to provide comprehensive information on the captive breeding of B. rubra, focusing on various parameters crucial for ex-situ conservation and domestication. The research involved breeding trials, embryo and larvae observation, first feeding experiments, larva and fry rearing trials, and the evaluation of growth and reproduction in two generations. The study revealed that the female B. rubra, with an average total length of 5.17 ± 0.15 cm and weight of 1.61 ± 0.06 g, produced an average of 73.67 ± 7.09 eggs, 34.33 ± 5.13 total larvae, and exhibited a hatching rate of 46.67 ± 5.77%. The embryogenesis process commenced on the day of spawning (dps) and continued until the eggs hatched at 6 dps. Larvae development and yolk absorption occurred from 0 to 6 days post-hatching (dph). The study also examined the impact of different initial feeding options, with chopped Tubifex resulting in the most significant in- crease (p < 0.05) in length. The growth pattern of B. rubra larvae showed slow initial growth during the first seven days, followed by a rapid exponential growth phase from day 8 to day 39. Two generations of B. rubra (G1 and G2) were successfully bred in captivity, with G2 showing a better tendency for growth in length and weight compared to G1. Notably, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in reproductive success between the wild-origin broodstock (G0), G1, or G2. This research contributes valuable insights into the captive breeding of B. rubra and its early life stages, offering critical information for the conservation and sustainable management of this endangered species. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of domestication on behavior, physiology, and phenotypic diversity.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors thank all colleagues for their encouragement and technical support with laboratory analyses.

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