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Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (생화학분자생물학회)
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Electrophysiological insights with brain organoid models: a brief review

  • Rian Kang (Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Soomin Park (Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Saewoon Shin (Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Gyusoo Bak (Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Jong-Chan Park (Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • Received : 2024.04.28
  • Accepted : 2024.06.19
  • Published : 2024.07.31
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Abstract

Brain organoid is a three-dimensional (3D) tissue derived from stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that reflect real human brain structure. It replicates the complexity and development of the human brain, enabling studies of the human brain in vitro. With emerging technologies, its application is various, including disease modeling and drug screening. A variety of experimental methods have been used to study structural and molecular characteristics of brain organoids. However, electrophysiological analysis is necessary to understand their functional characteristics and complexity. Although electrophysiological approaches have rapidly advanced for monolayered cells, there are some limitations in studying electrophysiological and neural network characteristics due to the lack of 3D characteristics. Herein, electrophysiological measurement and analytical methods related to neural complexity and 3D characteristics of brain organoids are reviewed. Overall, electrophysiological understanding of brain organoids allows us to overcome limitations of monolayer in vitro cell culture models, providing deep insights into the neural network complex of the real human brain and new ways of disease modeling.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by a grant of Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2023-00266110). The graphical arts are generated by Biorender.com under Jong-Chan Park, Ph.D.

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