International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security

국제컴퓨터통신보호논문지학회 (International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Hypothetical Study of Student's Academic Performance influenced by Parent's Educational and Financial Status

  • Zohra Khatoon (Department of Science and Technical Education, University of Sindh) ;
  • Hussain Saleem (Department of Computer Science, UBIT, University of Karachi) ;
  • Ameer Ali Buriro (Center for Gender Studies, University of Sindh) ;
  • Uzma Murad Panhwar (Department of Educational Management and Supervision, University of Sindh) ;
  • Samina Saleem (Karachi University Business School, KUBS, University of Karachi)
  • 투고 : 2024.07.05
  • 발행 : 2024.07.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This research is conducted in order to analyze the student's academic performance at the secondary school level in Sindh province of Pakistan. The study was focused on the students who have passed the Matriculation level recently. The sample of size equal to 1097 secondary level students was randomly selected in a way that from each college roughly up to 150 students took part in the survey. The sample selection was further divided on gender (Male=448, Female=649) and Locale (Urban=456, Rural=641). A survey questionnaire was circulated for data collection. The statistical analysis based on Pearson's Chi-Square and Correlation models were carried out using the collected data. The conclusion was drawn from results that strongly revealed that the student's academic achievement at high school level was highly associated to their parent's educational level and socio-economic background. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the financial condition of the population must be enhanced by taking suitable measures. The affected students should be awarded adequate financial assistance or scholarships to face such hardships of their learning career. Free laptops, learning materials, books, and stationery should also be provided.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. R. P. Bagozzi and R. E. Burnkrant, "Attitude Measurement and Behavior Change: a Reconsideration of Attitude Organization and Its Relationship to Behavior," Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 6, pp. 295-302, 1979. https://doi.org/10.1086/208770
  2. D. W. Rajecki, Attitudes, 2nd ed., Sunderland, MA, US: Sinauer Associates., 1990.
  3. W. McGuire, Attitudes and Attitude Change, 3rd ed., vol. 2, Random House, New York, 1985, pp. 233-346.
  4. W. D. Crano and R. Prislin, "Attitudes and Persuasion," Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 57, pp. 345-374, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190034
  5. I. Ajzen, "Nature and Operation of Attitudes," Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 52, pp. 27-58, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.27
  6. B. J. Becker, "Gender and Science Achievement: A Re-Analysis of Studies from Two Meta-Analyses," Journal of Research in Science Teaching, vol. 26, pp. 141-169, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660260206
  7. S. Catsambis, "Gender, Race, Ethnicity, and Science Education in the Middle Grades," J. Res. Sci. Teach., vol. 32, pp. 243-257, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660320305
  8. J. A. Durlak, "How to Select, Calculate, and Interpret Effect Sizes," Journal of Pediatric Psychology, vol. 34, no. 9, p. 917-928, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsp004
  9. S. C. Alice Hendrickson Eagly, The Psychology of Attitudes, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1993.
  10. F. Elizabeth, P. L. Peterson, T. P. Carpenter and C. A. Lubinski, "Teachers' Attributions and Beliefs about Girls, Boys, and Mathematics," Educational Studies in Mathematics, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 55-69, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00311015
  11. L. J. Francis and E. G. John, "Attitude Toward Science among Secondary School Pupils in Northern Ireland: Relationship with Sex, Age and Religion," Research in Science & Technological Education, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 67-74, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1080/0263514990170105
  12. B. J. Fraser, "Development of a Test of Science-related Attitudes," Science Education, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 509-515, 1978. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730620411
  13. P. L. Gardener, "Attitudes to Science.," Studies in Science Education, vol. 2, pp. 1-41, 1975. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057267508559818
  14. J. M. George, "Emotions and Leadership: The Role of Emotional Intelligence," Human Relations, vol. 53, pp. 1027-1055, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700538001
  15. R. George and D. Kaplan, "A Structural Model of Parent and Teacher Influences on Science Attitudes of Eighth Graders: Evidence from NELS:88," Science Education, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 93-108, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-237X(199801)82:1<93::AID-SCE5>3.0.CO;2-W
  16. S. R. Ghazi, K. Nawaz and S. Shahzad, "Relationship between Parents' Socio-Economic Status and Their Children Academic Performance," International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 58-65, 2013.
  17. A. Halai, N. Rizvi and S. Rodrigues, State of Mathematics and Science Education in Pakistan: A Review, Karachi: Aga Khan University Institute for Educational Development Karachi, Pakistan., 2007.
  18. P. Hammrich, "Promoting Females Success in Science," Journal of Supervision and Curriculum Development, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 20-24, 1994.
  19. H. M. Handley and L. W. Morse, "Two-year Study relating Adolescents' Self-Concept and Gender Role Perceptions to Achievement and Attitudes toward Science," Journal of Research in Science Teaching, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 599-607, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660210606
  20. M. G. Jones and J. Wheatley, "Gender Differences in Teacher-Student Interactions in Science Classrooms," Journal of Research in Science Teaching, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 861-874, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660270906
  21. M. G. Jones, "Gender Issues in Teacher Education," Journal of Teacher Education, vol. 40, no. 1, p. 33-38, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1177/002248718904000108
  22. P. M. Kind, K. Jones and P. Barmby, "Developing Attitudes Towards Science Measures," International Journal of Science Education, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 871-893, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690600909091
  23. T. R. Koballa Jr., "Attitude and Related Concepts in Science Education," Science Education, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 115-126, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730720202
  24. S. Lyn Jewell, "The Effects of the NXT Robotics Curriculum on High School Students' Attitudes in Science Based on Grade, Gender, and Ethnicity," Liberty University, USA., 2011.
  25. M. S. Ali, A. Iqbal and M. M. S. Akhtar, "Students' Attitude towards Science and its Relationship with Achievement Score at Intermediate Level," Journal of Elementary Education, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 61-72, 2013.
  26. M. Anwer, H. M. Iqbal and C. Harrison, "Students' Attitude towards Science: A Case of Pakistan," Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 3-9, 2012.
  27. A. N. Oppenheim, Questionnaire, Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2000.
  28. J. Pallant, SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis using the SPSS Program, New York: McGraw Hill, 2010.
  29. G. Rani, "Measuring Change in Students Attitude Towards Science over Time: An Application of Latent Variable Growth Modeling," Journal of Science Education and Technology, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 213-225, 2000.
  30. N. Reid, "Thoughts on Attitude Measurement," Research in Science & Technological Education, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 3-27, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635140500485332
  31. S. M. Reis and S. Park, "Gender Differences in High-Achieving Students in Math and Science," Journal for the Education of the Gifted, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 52-73, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1177/016235320102500104
  32. R. A. Schibeci, "Attitudes to Science: An Update," Studies in Science Education, vol. 11, pp. 26-5, 1984.
  33. R. A. Schibeci and J. P. Riley, "Influence of Students' Background and Perceptions on Science Attitudes and Achievement," Journal of Research in Science Teaching, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 177-187, 1986. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660230302
  34. O. Serin and B. Mohammadzadeh, "The Relationship Between Primary School Students' Attitudes Towards Science and Their Science Achievement (Sampling: Izmir)," Journal of Educational Sciences, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 68-75, 2008.
  35. J. A. Shymansky and W. C. K. Jr., "A Summary of Research in Science Education - 1986," Science Education, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 249-402, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730720304
  36. R. D. Simpson and J. S. Oliver, "A Summary of the Major Influences on Attitude Toward and Achievement in Science among Adolescent Students," Science Education, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 1-18, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730740102
  37. M. A. Swiatek and A. Lupkowski-Shoplik, "Gender Differences in Academic Attitudes among Gifted Elementary School Students," Journal for the Education of the Gifted, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 360-377, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1177/016235320002300403
  38. W. I. Thomas and F. Znaniecki, The Polish Peasant in Europe and America: Monograph of An Immigrant Group, vol. 2, Boston: University of Chicago Press, 1918.
  39. B. Thompson, "Statistical Significance and Effect Size Reporting: Portrait of A Possible Future," Research in the Schools, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 33-38, 1998.
  40. S. Thomson, "Achievement at School and Socioeconomic Background - An Educational Perspective," NPJ Science of Learning, vol. 3, pp. 1-2, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-018-0022-0
  41. A. G. Welch, "Using the TOSRA to Assess High School Students' Attitudes toward Science after Competing In the FIRST Robotics Competition: An Exploratory Study.," Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 187-197, 2010. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/75239
  42. M. Weinburgh, "Gender Differences in Student Attitudes toward Science: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature from 1970 to 1991," Journal of Research in Science Teaching, vol. 32, no. 4, p. 387-398, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660320407
  43. SPDC, "Social Development in Pakistan: The State of Education (Annual Review 2002-03)," Social Policy Development Centre (SPDC), Karachi, 2003.
  44. S. M. A. Burney and H. Saleem, Software Configuration Management: A Comprehensive Review, Karachi: University of Karachi, 2003, p. 128.
  45. H. Saleem, S. Mehdi and S. N. Ahmed, "Software Has Become A Driving Force," Jazba, University of Karachi, Press, pp. 1-5, 2004.
  46. H. Saleem and F. A. Zaidi, "Identification and Realization of Trace Relationships within Requirements," in International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE'06), Lahore, Pakistan, 2006.
  47. S. M. A. Burney and H. Saleem, "Inductive and Deductive Research Approach," University of Karachi, Karachi, 2008.
  48. M. S. A. Khan and H. Saleem, "Proposed Secure Protocol for Online Health System in Cellular Communication," Karachi University Journal of Science, vol. 36, pp. 23-26, 2008.
  49. A. Burney, N. Mahmood, T. Jilani and H. Saleem, "Conceptual Fuzzy Temporal Relational Model (FTRM) for Patient Data," WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications (Journal), vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 725-734, 2010.
  50. S. M. A. Burney, H. Saleem, N. Mehmood and T. A. Jilani, "Traceability Management Framework for Patient Data in Healthcare Environment," in 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT), Chengdu, China, 2010.
  51. S. Afzal, M. Z. A. Khan and H. Saleem, "A Proposed OEIC Circuit with Two Metal Layer Silicon Waveguide and Low Power Photonic Receiver Circuit," International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), vol. 9, no. 5(1), pp. 355-358, 2012.
  52. S. Afzal, M. Z. A. Khan and H. Saleem, "A Proposed Silicon Optical Electronic Integrated Circuit with Monolithic Integration of LED, OPFET and Receiver Circuit," International Organization for Scientific Research - Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 42-46, 2012. https://doi.org/10.9790/0661-0624246
  53. M. Z. A. Khan, H. Saleem and S. Afzal, "Application of VLSI In Artificial Intelligence," International Organization for Scientific Research - IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 23-25, 2012. https://doi.org/10.9790/0661-0622325
  54. H. Saleem, M. Z. A. Khan and S. Afzal, "Review of Various Aspects of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) Technology," International Organization for Scientific Research - IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2012. https://doi.org/10.9790/0661/0810106
  55. M. Z. A. Khan, H. Saleem and S. Afzal, "Review of ASITIC (Analysis and Simulation of Inductors and Transformers for Integrated Circuits) Tool to Design Inductor on Chip," International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), vol. 9, no. 4(2), pp. 196-201, 2012.
  56. H. Saleem, M. Z. A. Khan and S. Afzal, "Mobile Agents: An Intelligent Multi-Agent System for Mobile Phones," International Organization for Scientific Research - Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 26-34, 2012. https://doi.org/10.9790/0661-0622634
  57. S. A. Raza, H. Saleem and S. Habib-ur-Rehman, "MCMC Simulation of GARCH Model to Forecast Network Traffic Load," International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), vol. 9, no. 3(2), pp. 277-284, 2012.
  58. H. Saleem, M. Z. A. Khan and S. Afzal, "Towards Identification and Recognition of Trace Associations in Software Requirements Traceability," International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), vol. 9, no. 5(2), pp. 257-263, 2012.
  59. M. Z. A. Khan, H. Saleem and S. Afzal, "Review of ASITIC (Analysis and Simulation of Inductors and Transformers for Integrated Circuits) Tool to Design Inductor on Chip," International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), vol. 9, no. 4(2), pp. 196-201, 2012.
  60. M. Z. A. Khan, H. Saleem, S. Afzal and J. Naseem, "An Efficient 16-Bit Multiplier based on Booth Algorithm," International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology (IJoART), vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 43-45, 2012.
  61. A. H. Nizamani, B. Rasool, M. Tahir, N. M. Shaikh and H. Saleem, "Adiabatic ION Shuttling Protocols in Outer-Segmented-Electrode Surface ION Traps," International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research (IJSER), vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 3055-3061, 2013.
  62. A. H. Nizamani, S. A. Buzdar, B. Rasool, N. M. Shaikh and H. Saleem, "Computer-Based Frequency Drift Control of Multiple LASERs in Real-Time," International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research (IJSER), vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 3038-3045, 2013.
  63. S. A. Buzdar, M. A. Khan, A. Nazir, M. Gadhi, A. H. Nizamani and H. Saleem, "Effect of Change in Orientation of Enhanced Dynamic Wedges on Radiotherapy Treatment Dose," International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology (IJoART), vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 496-501, 2013.
  64. A. H. Nizamani, M. A. Rind, N. M. Shaikh, A. H. Moghal and H. Saleem, "Versatile Ultra High Vacuum System for ION Trap Experiments: Design and Implementation," International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology (IJoART), vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 502-510, 2013.
  65. A. M. Rana and H. Saleem, "Novel Integrated Sensor based Sleep Apnea Monitoring and Tracking System using Soft Computing and Persuasive Technology for Healthcare Support," in 9th International Conference on Innovative Trends in Management, Information, Technologies, Computing and Engineering (ITMITCE - 2014), Istanbul, Turkey, 2014.
  66. A. M. Rana and H. Saleem, "Novel Integrated Sensor Based Sleep Apnea Monitoring and Tracking System Using Soft Computing and Persuasive Technology for Healthcare Support," International Journal of Systems Signal Control and Engineering Application (ISSN-p: 1997-5422), pp. 43-48, 2014.
  67. H. Saleem and M. S. A. Khan, "Towards Generation of Alternate Electrical Energy via Paddling Impact: Protracted Design and Implementation," International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA), vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 1-6, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5120/18720-8602
  68. H. Saleem, S. A. Khan, S. Saleem and A. M. Aslam, "Civil Use of Autonomous Pilotless Aerial Vehicle," International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 2019.
  69. H. Saleem, "Data Science and Machine Learning Approach to Improve E-Commerce Sales Performance on Social Web," International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security (IJCSNS), vol. 19, 2019.
  70. H. Saleem, S. Imam, N. Shah, S. Saleem and A. M. Aslam, "Dynamic Thresholding of Vehicle Activated Signs," International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research (IJSER), 2019.
  71. H. Saleem and S. M. A. Burney, "Imposing Software Traceability and Configuration Management for Change Tolerance in Software Production," IJCSNS - International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security (ISSN:1738-7906), vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 145-154, 2019.
  72. H. Saleem, K. B. Muhammad, S. Saleem, R. Saleem, A. Hussain and A. M. Aslam, "Novel Intelligent Electronic Booking Framework for E-Business with Distributed Computing and Data Mining," International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, IJCSNS, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 270-278, 2019.
  73. H. Saleem, M. K. S. Uddin and S. Habib-ur-Rehman, "Strategic Data Driven Approach to Improve Conversion Rates and Sales Performance of E-Commerce Websites," International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research (IJSER), 2019.
  74. M. Y. Channa, A. H. Nizamani, H. Saleem, W. A. Bhutto, A. M. Soomro and M. Y. Soomro, "Surface Ion Trap Designs for Vertical Ion Shuttling," IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, vol. 19, no. 4, 2019.