Current Optics and Photonics

Optical Society of Korea (한국광학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Performance Analysis of Spiral Axicon Wavefront Coding Imaging System for Laser Protection

  • Haoqi Luo (State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology) ;
  • Yangliang Li (State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology) ;
  • Junyu Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology) ;
  • Hao Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology) ;
  • Yunlong Wu (State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology) ;
  • Qing Ye (State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology)
  • Received : 2024.05.08
  • Accepted : 2024.07.02
  • Published : 2024.08.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Wavefront coding (WFC) imaging systems can redistribute the energy of an interference laser spot on an image plane sensor by wavefront phase modulation and reduce the peak intensity, realizing laser protection while maintaining imaging functionality by leveraging algorithmic post-processing. In this paper, a spiral axicon WFC imaging system is proposed, and the performance for laser protection is investigated by constructing a laser transmission model. An Airy disk on an image plane sensor is refactored into a symmetrical hollow ring by a spiral axicon phase mask, and the maximum intensity can be reduced to lower than 1% and single-pixel power to 1.2%. The spiral axicon phase mask exhibits strong robustness to the position of the interference laser source and can effectively reduce the risk of sensor damage for an almost arbitrary lase propagation distance. Moreover, we revealed that there is a sensor hazard distance for both conventional and WFC imaging systems where the maximum single-pixel power reaches a peak value under irradiation of a power-fixed laser source. Our findings can offer guidance for the anti-laser reinforcement design of photoelectric imaging systems, thereby enhancing the adaptability of imaging systems in a complex laser environment. The laser blinding-resistant imaging system has potential applications in security monitoring, autonomous driving, and intense-laser-pulse experiments.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (GZC20233531); Technology Domain Fund of Basic Strengthening Plan (2021-JCJQ-JJ-0284 and 2022-JCJQ-JJ-0237); Research Project of National University of Defense Technology (ZK2041 and ZK23-49); Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory Foundation of Anhui Province (AHL2021QN03 and AHL2022ZR03); State Key Laboratory Foundation of Pulsed Power Laser Technology (SKL2022ZR09); Young Doctor Foundation of Electronic Engineering College of the National University of Defense Technology (KY21C218).

References

  1. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light, 7th ed. (Cambridge University Press, UK, 2013). 
  2. Z. Li, X. Wang, Z. Shen, J. Lu, and X. Ni, "Mechanisms for the millisecond laser-induced functional damage to silicon charge-coupled imaging sensors," Appl. Opt. 54, 378-388 (2015).  https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.000378
  3. F. Theberge, M. Auclair, J.-F. Daigle, and D. Pudo, "Damage thresholds of silicon-based cameras for in-band and out-ofband laser expositions," Appl. Opt. 61, 2473-2482 (2022).  https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.450317
  4. H. Wu, J. Xu, L. Huang, X. Zeng, and P. Zhou, "High-power fiber laser with real-time mode switchability," Chin. Opt. Lett. 20, 021402 (2022). 
  5. L. Hong, C. Hu, Y. Liu, H. He, L. Liu, Z. Wei, and Z.-Y. Li, "350-2500nm supercontinuum white laser enabled by synergic high-harmonic generation and self-phase modulation," PhotoniX 4, 11 (2023). 
  6. W. Sibbett, A. A. Lagatsky, and C. T. A. Brown, "The development and application of femtosecond laser systems," Opt. Express 20, 6989-7001 (2012).  https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.006989
  7. J. N. Monks, L. Yue, B. Yan, B. Aldred, A. Hurst, and Z. Wang, "A wide-angle shift-free metamaterial filter design for anti-laser striking application," Opt. Commun. 429, 53-59 (2018).  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.07.065
  8. J. Wu, Y. Wei, W. Shen, Y. Xiong, C. Lin, Y. Gao, A. AL-Ammari, K. Liu, T. Ma, J. Chen, and H. Zeng, "Antimonene nanosheets fabricated by laser irradiation technique with outstanding nonlinear absorption responses," Appl. Phys. Lett. 116, 261903 (2020). 
  9. Q. Liu, S. Hu, C. Zhang, H. Ouyang, and T. Jiang, "Polarization-dependent and wavelength-tunable optical limiting and transparency of multilayer selenium-doped black phosphorus," Adv. Opt. Mater. 9, 2001562 (2021). 
  10. C. Liang, E. Wang, X. Li, J. Wang, Y. Liu, B. Chen, H. Chen, Y. Liu, and X. Peng, "Optical limiting performances of transitional metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = V, Nb, Ta; X = S, Se) with ultralow initial threshold and optical limiting threshold," Chin. Opt. Lett. 20, 021901 (2022). 
  11. Z. Huang, S. Chen, C. Lv, Y. Huang, and J. Lai, "Infrared characteristics of VO2 thin films for smart window and laser protection applications," Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 191905 (2012). 
  12. A. Howes, Z. Zhu, D. Curie, J. R. Avila, V. D. Wheeler, R. F. Haglund, and J. G. Valentine, "Optical limiting based on Huygens' metasurfaces," Nano Lett. 20, 4638-4644 (2020).  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01574
  13. C. Wan, Z. Zhang, J. Salman, J. King, Y. Xiao, Z. Yu, A. Shahsafi, R. Wambold, S. Ramanathan, and M. A. Kats, "Ultrathin broadband reflective optical limiter," Laser Photonics Rev. 15, 2100001 (2021). 
  14. H. Guan, F. Ren, S. Liang, J. Gu, C. Geng, H. Wei, S. Dou, J. Zhao, and Y. Li, "Ultra-high transmission broadband tunable VO2 optical limiter," Laser Photonics Rev. 17, 2200653 (2023). 
  15. S. Pinilla, J. E. Froch , S. R. M. Rostami, V. Katkovnik, I. Shevkunov, A. Majumdar, and K. Egiazarian, "Miniature color camera via flat hybrid meta-optics," Sci. Adv. 9, eadg7297 (2023). 
  16. C. A. Metzler, H. Ikoma, Y. Peng, G. Wetzstein, "Deep optics for single-shot high-dynamic-range imaging," in Proc. IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Virtual Conference, Jun. 14-19, 2020), pp. 1375-1385. 
  17. Q. Sun, E. Tseng, Q. Fu, W. Heidrich, and F. Heide, "Learning rank-1 diffractive optics for single-shot high dynamic range imaging," in Proc. IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Virtual Conference, Jun. 14-19, 2020), pp. 1386-1396. 
  18. Z. Shi, Y. Bahat, S.-H. Baek, Q. Fu, H. Amata, X. Li, P. Chakravarthula, W. Heidrich, and F. Heide, "Seeing through obstructions with diffractive cloaking," ACM Trans. Graph. 41, 37 (2022). 
  19. Q. Fan, W. Xu, X. Hu, W. Zhu, T. Yue, C. Zhang, F. Yan, L. Chen, H. J. Lezec, Y. Lu, A. Agrawal, and T. Xu, "Trilobite-inspired neural nanophotonic light-field camera with extreme depth-of-field," Nat. Commun. 13, 2130 (2022). 
  20. L. Wang, Q. Ye, X. Dou, J. Nie, and X. Sun, Anti-cat-eye effect imaging technique based on the light-field imaging technique," J. Electron. Imaging 28, 053020 (2019). 
  21. Y. Li, Q. Ye, Y. Wu, H. Zhang, H. Luo, K. Sun, and X. Sun, "Experimental validation and mathematical simulation for laser protection performance of light field imaging," Appl. Opt. 62, 9621-9630 (2023).  https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.501097
  22. G. J. Ruane, A. T. Watnik, and G. A. Swartzlander, "Reducing the risk of laser damage in a focal plane array using linear pupil-plane phase elements," Appl. Opt. 54, 210-218 (2015).  https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.000210
  23. A. T. Watnik, G. J. Ruane, and G. A. Swartzlander, "Incoherent imaging in the presence of unwanted laser radiation: Vortex and axicon wavefront coding," Opt. Eng. 55, 123102 (2016). 
  24. J. H. Wirth, A. T. Watnik, and G. A. Swartzlander, "Experimental observations of a laser suppression imaging system using pupil-plane phase elements," Appl. Opt. 56, 9205-9211 (2017).  https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.009205
  25. Q. Ye, Y. Wu, H. Zhang, Y. Li, L. Wang, and K. Sun, "Experimental damage thresholds of a laser suppression imaging system using a cubic phase plate," Chin. Opt. Lett. 21, 041403 (2023).