Food Science and Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회)
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Physicochemical and textural properties of thawed pork by vacuum tumbling

진공 텀블링을 이용한 해동 돈육의 이화학적 및 조직학적 특성

  • Su-Jin Park (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Won-Ho Hong (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Seung-Min Oh (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Chang-Hee Cho (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gyeonggi University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Jiyeon Chun (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sunchon National University)
  • 박수진 (국립순천대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 홍원호 (국립순천대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 오승민 (국립순천대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 조창희 (경기과학기술대학교 기계공학과) ;
  • 천지연 (국립순천대학교 식품공학과)
  • Received : 2024.03.04
  • Accepted : 2024.05.27
  • Published : 2024.06.30
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Abstract

In this study, a vacuum tumbler with 4 impellers (DVT) was designed and applied for thawing frozen pork (vacuum -60 kPa, jacket 35℃, 1 rpm). Quality characteristics of the thawed pork were compared with those of industrially thawed meat by natural air at room temperature (NAT) and imported vacuum tumbler (IVT). The thawing time for frozen pork (303.36 kg) using DVT (165 min) was much shorter than that of NAT (4,200 min). DVT-thawed pork had lower drip loss (0.85%) than NAT (2.08%). DVT-thawed pork showed a pH of 5.92, a total bacterial count of 1.96±0.02 log CFU/g and no coliforms. Deteriorations in fat (TBARS 0.31±0.01 MDA mg/kg) and protein (VBN 5.67±1.98 mg%) in DVT-thawed pork were significantly lower than those of NAT (p<0.05). DVT-thawed pork had a high water-holding capacity (WHC, 97.5%). The hardness (34.59±0.46 N) and chewiness (188.21±0.17) of cooked DVT-thawed pork were about 5-6 times lower than those of NTA. Microstructure (SEM) showed myofibrillar damage in NAT-thawed pork, whereas dense myofibrillar structure was observed in DVT-thawed pork. DVT was better or similar to IVT in all evaluation parameters. The designed DVT is expected to be used as an efficient thawing method in terms of processing time and yield and to produce thawed meat with high WHC, soft texture, and low spoilage by minimizing tissue damage.

본 연구에서는 육가공 산업의 필수 공정인 냉동육 해동 시 발생하는 식육의 품질 저하를 최소화하기 위하여 진공 텀블링 해동 방식을 적용하고자 산업용 국산 임펠러-진공 텀블러(DVT, 6 ton)를 고안하고 이를 이용하여 해동한 냉동 돈육의 품질 특성을 현재 상업적으로 이용하는 자연해동(NTA)과 수입산 진공 텀블링 해동(IVT) 특성과 비교 분석하였다. 냉동 돈육(앞다리)의 자연해동 시간은 4,200분인데 반하여 DVT 해동은 165분이 소요되어 냉동 돈육 해동시간이 약 25배 단축되었다. 해동 시 돈육의 드립감량은 자연해동 2.08%에 비하여 DVT 해동은 0.85%로 낮아져 높은 해동 수율(99.2%)을 얻을 수 있었다. 자연 해동육에서 대장균군이 0.10±0.17 log CFU/g 수준으로 검출된데 반하여 DVT 해동육의 pH는 5.92, 총균수 1.96±0.01 log CFU/g, 대장균군 불검출로 높은 신선도를 보였다. 또한, DVT 해동육의 지방산패도(TBARS) 0.31±0.01 MDA mg/kg와 단백질변패도(VBN) 5.67±1.98 mg%를 보여 자연해동 돈육(각각 0.42±0.01 MDA mg/kg와 6.86±0.00 mg%)에 비해 지방과 단백질 변패도를 유의적으로 낮출 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. DVT 해동육의 보수력은 97.50±0.90%로 자연해동육(95.24±0.03%)에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 자연해동(NTA) 후 조리한 돈육은 경도 212.03±0.02 N과 씹힘성 885.36±0.80이 진공 텀블링(DVT, IVT) 해동육에 비하여 각각 6.1배와 4.7배 높게 나타나 진공 텀블링 해동이 부드러운 조직감을 갖는 식육을 생산할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 해동육과 이를 가열조리한 돈육의 미세구조(SEM)를 관찰한 결과, 진공 텀블링 해동(DVT, IVT) 시료에서 근원섬유의 손상이 적어 섬유배열과 간격이 촘촘한 구조를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서 국내 최초로 고안한 산업용 대용량 진공텀블러는 해동 시 근육 조직의 손상을 최소화하여 보수력을 높이고, 드립감량을 감소시켜 부드러운 조직감과 함께 생산 수율을 높일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 미생물학적 및 이화학적 변패도를 최소화할 수 있어 고품질의 육제품 생산에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 또한, 본 장치는 수입산 진공텀블러와 비교해 우수한 품질의 해동육을 생산할 수 있어 본 연구자료를 이용한 국산 기술 자립화, 제품 품질 개선 및 수율 향상 등 육가공 산업 발전에 기여할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We are grateful to Hyupjin Co., Ltd for providing frozen-pork for this research works.

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