Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Lignocellulolytic Enzymes Production by Four Wild Filamentous Fungi for Olive Stones Valorization: Comparing Three Fermentation Regimens

  • Soukaina Arif (Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization) ;
  • Hasna Nait M'Barek (Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Cluster of Competency (Agri-food, Safety and Security) IUC VLIR-UOS) ;
  • Boris Bekaert (Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops) ;
  • Mohamed Ben Aziz (Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Higher School of Technology, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Bioresources, and Bioinformatics (3BIO)) ;
  • Mohammed Diouri (Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization) ;
  • Geert Haesaert (Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops) ;
  • Hassan Hajjaj (Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization)
  • Received : 2023.12.29
  • Accepted : 2024.03.12
  • Published : 2024.05.28
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Abstract

Lignocellulolytic enzymes play a crucial role in efficiently converting lignocellulose into valuable platform molecules in various industries. However, they are limited by their production yields, costs, and stability. Consequently, their production by producers adapted to local environments and the choice of low-cost raw materials can address these limitations. Due to the large amounts of olive stones (OS) generated in Morocco which are still undervalued, Penicillium crustosum, Fusarium nygamai, Trichoderma capillare, and Aspergillus calidoustus, are cultivated under different fermentation techniques using this by-product as a local lignocellulosic substrate. Based on a multilevel factorial design, their potential to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes during 15 days of dark incubation was evaluated. The results revealed that P. crustosum expressed a maximum total cellulase activity of 10.9 IU/ml under sequential fermentation (SF) and 3.6 IU/ml of β-glucosidase activity under submerged fermentation (SmF). F. nygamai recorded the best laccase activity of 9 IU/ml under solid-state fermentation (SSF). Unlike T. capillare, SF was the inducive culture for the former activity with 7.6 IU/ml. A. calidoustus produced, respectively, 1,009 ㎍/ml of proteins and 11.5 IU/ml of endoglucanase activity as the best results achieved. Optimum cellulase production took place after the 5th day under SF, while ligninases occurred between the 9th and the 11th days under SSF. This study reports for the first time the lignocellulolytic activities of F. nygamai and A. calidoustus. Furthermore, it underlines the potential of the four fungi as biomass decomposers for environmentally-friendly applications, emphasizing the efficiency of OS as an inducing substrate for enzyme production.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The Institutional University Cooperation (IUC) program between Moulay Ismail University and Belgian Flemish Universities, funded by the VLIR-UOS (Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad-Universitaire Ontwikkelingssamenwerking) is acknowledged for its financial support. OLEA FOOD Company is also acknowledged for supplementing the olive stones used for this study.

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