Acknowledgement
The authors received no financial support for this study.
References
- Battle CE, Hutchings H, Evans PA. Risk factors that predict mortality in patients with blunt chest wall trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Injury 2012;43:8-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.01.004
- Liman ST, Kuzucu A, Tastepe AI, Ulasan GN, Topcu S. Chest injury due to blunt trauma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003;23:374-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1010-7940(02)00813-8
- Pape HC, Remmers D, Rice J, Ebisch M, Krettek C, Tscherne H. Appraisal of early evaluation of blunt chest trauma: development of a standardized scoring system for initial clinical decision making. J Trauma 2000;49:496-504. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-200009000-00018
- Chen J, Jeremitsky E, Philp F, Fry W, Smith RS. A chest trauma scoring system to predict outcomes. Surgery 2014;156:988-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2014.06.045
- Gennarelli TA, Wodzin E, editors. Abbreviated injury scale 2005: update 2008. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; 2008.
- Chapman BC, Herbert B, Rodil M, et al. RibScore: a novel radiographic score based on fracture pattern that predicts pneumonia, respiratory failure, and tracheostomy. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016;80:95-101. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000000867
- Elbaih A, Elshapowry IM, Kalil NG, El-Aouty H. Evaluation of thoracic trauma severity score in predicting the outcome of isolated blunt chest trauma patients. Int J Surg Med 2016;2:100-6. https://doi.org/10.5455/ijsm.chesttrauma
- Mommsen P, Zeckey C, Andruszkow H, et al. Comparison of different thoracic trauma scoring systems in regards to prediction of post-traumatic complications and outcome in blunt chest trauma. J Surg Res 2012;176:239-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.018
- Easter A. Management of patients with multiple rib fractures. Am J Crit Care 2001;10:320-7. https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2001.10.5.320
- Seok J, Cho HM, Kim HH, et al. Chest trauma scoring systems for predicting respiratory complications in isolated rib fracture. J Surg Res 2019;244:84-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.06.009
- Seok J, Yoon SY, Lee JY, Kim S, Cho H, Kang WS. Novel nomogram for predicting pulmonary complications in patients with blunt chest trauma with rib fractures: a retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2023;13:9448.
- Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. Lancet 1974;2:81-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91639-0
- Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment and prognosis of coma after head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1976;34:45-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405862
- Niemeyer M, Jochems D, Houwert RM, van Es MA, Leenen L, van Wessem K. Mortality in polytrauma patients with moderate to severe TBI on par with isolated TBI patients: TBI as last frontier in polytrauma patients. Injury 2022;53:1443-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2022.01.009
- Basak D, Anthony AA, Banerjee N, et al. Mortality from fall: a descriptive analysis of a multicenter Indian trauma registry. Injury 2022;53:3956-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2022.09.048
- Liu S, He C. Related factors associated with earthquake inpatient mortality. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022;16:65-70. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.125
- Heus P, Reitsma JB, Collins GS, et al. Transparent reporting of multivariable prediction models in journal and conference abstracts: TRIPOD for abstracts. Ann Intern Med 2020;173:42-7. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-0193
- Baker SP, O'Neill B, Haddon W Jr, Long WB. The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. J Trauma 1974;14:187-96. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-197403000-00001
- States JD. The abbreviated and the comprehensive research injury scales. SAE Trans 1969;78:2625-34. https://doi.org/10.4271/690810
- Edwards JG, Clarke P, Pieracci FM, et al. Taxonomy of multiple rib fractures: results of the chest wall injury society international consensus survey. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2020;88:e40-5. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000002282
- Kocher GJ, Al-Hurani M, Minervini F. Surgical fixation of rib fractures: how I do it. J Vis Surg 2020;6:16.
- de Campos JR, White TW. Chest wall stabilization in trauma patients: why, when, and how? J Thorac Dis 2018;10(Suppl 8):S951-62. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2018.04.69
- He Z, Zhang D, Xiao H, et al. The ideal methods for the management of rib fractures. J Thorac Dis 2019;11(Suppl 8):S1078-89. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.04.109
- Tyburski JG, Collinge JD, Wilson RF, Eachempati SR. Pulmonary contusions: quantifying the lesions on chest x-ray films and the factors affecting prognosis. J Trauma 1999;46:833-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199905000-00011
- de Moya MA, Manolakaki D, Chang Y, et al. Blunt pulmonary contusion: admission computed tomography scan predicts mechanical ventilation. J Trauma 2011;71:1543-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e31822c4a8b
- World Health Organization (WHO). Neurological disorders: public health challenges.WHO; 2006.
- Champion HR, Sacco WJ, Carnazzo AJ, Copes W, Fouty WJ. Trauma score. Crit Care Med 1981;9:672-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-198109000-00015
- Champion HR, Copes WS, Sacco WJ, et al. The Major Trauma Outcome Study: establishing national norms for trauma care. J Trauma 1990;30:1356-65. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199011000-00008
- Head W, Kumar N, Thomas C, Leon S, Dieffenbaugher S, Eriksson E. Are rib fractures stable? An analysis of progressive rib fracture offset in the acute trauma setting. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021;91:917-22. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000003384