Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Impact of dietary fiber intake on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk in Korean patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

  • Ji-Sook Park (Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University) ;
  • Hina Akbar (Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, Changwon National University) ;
  • Young-Seol Kim (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine) ;
  • Jung-Eun Yim (Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University)
  • Received : 2024.03.27
  • Accepted : 2024.06.18
  • Published : 2024.06.30
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Abstract

Purpose: Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are at a high risk of developing severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study examined the dietary intakes and compared the risks of NAFLD-related complications in Korean patients with T2DM and obesity. Methods: Data from the Korean National Diabetes Program cohort were used to study patients with T2DM. Two hundred and sixty-five obese patients with T2DM (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) were classified into NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups. The nutrient intake was analyzed using a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical data were also obtained. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the significant differences between the 2 groups. Results: The serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels in obese patients with T2DM and NAFLD were significantly higher than in obese T2DM patients without NAFLD (p < 0.05). The serum glucose and lipid profiles showed no significant differences between the NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups. The carbohydrate, protein, and fat levels also did not differ significantly. The results showed that the fiber intake of the NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups was 14.11 ± 3.86 g/100 kcal and 15.70 ± 4.56 g/1,000 kcal, respectively, showing that the dietary fiber intake of the non-NAFLD group was significantly higher (p < 0.05). A correlation was observed between total fiber intake and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in either patient group. In addition, the odds ratio of developing NAFLD was 0.29× lower when the fiber was consumed at 125% of adequate intake. Conclusions: A higher dietary fiber intake may reduce the risk of NAFLD in obese patients with T2DM. The dietary intake of Korean obese patients with T2DM should include and be enriched in dietary fiber to aid in preventing and treating NAFLD.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. RS2023-00242278).

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