DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics of S-wave and P-wave velocities in Gyeongju - Pohang regions of South Korea: Correlation analysis with strength and modulus of rocks and N values of soils

  • Min-Ji Kim (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Tae-Min Oh (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Dong-Woo Ryu (Mineral Exploration and Mining Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM))
  • Received : 2024.01.18
  • Accepted : 2024.05.29
  • Published : 2024.06.25

Abstract

With increasing demand for nuclear power generation, nuclear structures are being planned and constructed worldwide. A grave safety concern is that these structures are sensitive to large-magnitude shaking, e.g., during earthquakes. Seismic response analysis, which requires P- and S-wave velocities, is a key element in nuclear structure design. Accordingly, it is important to determine the P- and S-wave velocities in the Gyeongju and Pohang regions of South Korea, which are home to nuclear power plants and have a history of seismic activity. P- and S-wave velocities can be obtained indirectly through a correlation with physical properties (e.g., N values, Young's modulus, and uniaxial compressive strength), and researchers worldwide have proposed regression equations. However, the Gyeongju and Pohang regions of Korea have not been considered in previous studies. Therefore, a database was constructed for these regions. The database includes physical properties such as N values and P- and S-wave velocities of the soil layer, as well as the uniaxial compressive strength, Young's modulus, and P- and S-wave velocities of the bedrock layer. Using the constructed database, the geological characteristics and distribution of physical properties of the study region were analyzed. Furthermore, models for predicting P- and S-wave velocities were developed for soil and bedrock layers in the Gyeongju and Pohang regions. In particular, the model for predicting the S-wave velocity for the soil layers was compared with models from previous studies, and the results indicated its effectiveness in predicting the S-wave velocity for the soil layers in the Gyeongju and Pohang regions using the N values. The proposed models for predicting P- and S-wave velocities will contribute to predicting the damage caused by earthquakes.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the Basic Research Project (GP2021-07) of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT of Korea.

References

  1. Abu-Khader, M.M. (2009), "Recent advances in nuclear power: A review", Prog. Nucl. Energ., 51, 225-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2008.05.001.
  2. Bao, X., Zhang, M.H. and Zhai, C.H. (2019), "Fragility analysis of a containment structure under far-fault and near-fault seismic sequences considering post-mainshock damage states", Eng. Struct., 198, 109511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109511.
  3. Budetta, P., De Riso, R. and De Luca, C. (2001), "Correlations between jointing and seismic velocities in highly fractured rock masses", Bull. Eng. Geol. Env., 60, 185-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100640100097.
  4. Chae, H.Y. (2009), "A study on the Correlation of N values with Shear Wave Velocity in Korea", M.Sc. Thesis, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
  5. Chapman, N.A. and Hooper, A. (2012), "The disposal of radioactive wastes underground", Proc. Geol. Assoc., 123(1), 46-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2011.10.001.
  6. Choi, I.K., Choun, Y.S., Ahn, S.M. and Seo, J.M. (2008), "Probabilistic seismic risk analysis of CANDU containment structure for near-fault earthquakes", Nucl. Eng. Des., 238(6), 1382-1391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.11.001.
  7. Cui, Z.D., Zhang, L.J. and Zhan, Z.X. (2023), "Dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of saturated soft clay under the seismic loading", Geomech. Eng., 32(4), 411-426. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2023.32.4.411.
  8. Do, J.N., Hwang, P.J., Chung, S.R. and Chun, B.S. (2011), "Analysis on relation of S-wave velocity and N value for stratums in Chungcheong Buk-do", J. Korean Geoenviron. Soc., 12(10), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2011.12.10.2.
  9. Esfehanizadeh, M., Nabizadeh, F. and Yazarloo, R. (2015), "Correlation between standard penetration (NSPT) and shear wave velocity (Vs) for young coastal sands of the Caspian Sea", Arab. J. Geosci., 8, 7333-7341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1751-x
  10. Fatehnia, M., Hayden, M. and Landschoot, M. (2015), "Correlation between shear wave velocity and SPT-N values for North Florida soils", Elec. J. Geotech. Eng., 20, 12421-12430.
  11. Heo, G.S. and Kwak, D.Y. (2022), "VS prediction mModel using SPT-N values and soil layers in South Korea", J. Korean Geotech. Soc., 38(8), 53-66. https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2022.38.8.53.
  12. Huynh, V.Q., Nguyen, T.K. and Nguyen, X.H. (2021), "Seismic analysis of soil-structure interaction: Experimentation and modeling", Geomech. Eng., 27(2), 115-121. http://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.27.2.115.
  13. Imai, T. and Tonouchi, K. (1982), "Correlation of N value with S-wave velocity and shear modulus", Proceedings of the European Symposium on Penetration Testing, Amsterdam, May.
  14. Jeong, N.H. and Lee, C.K. (2008), "Investigation of S-wave velocity based on SPS field tests", J. Korean Geotech. Soc., 24(10), 161-174. https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2008.24.10.161.
  15. Jin, S. and Gong, J. (2020), "Damage performance based seismic capacity and fragility analysis of existing concrete containment structure subjected to near fault ground motions", Nucl. Eng. Des., 360(4), 110478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2019.110478.
  16. Kirar, B., Maheshwari, B.K. and Muley, P. (2016), "Correlation between shear wave velocity (Vs) and SPT resistance (N) for roorkee region", Int. J. Geosynth. Ground Eng., 2(9), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-016-0047-5.
  17. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) (2018), Korean Peninsula Southeast Region Earthquake for the General Public, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon, South Korea.
  18. Lee, S.H.H. (1990), "Regression models of shear wave velocities in Taipei basin", J. Chin. Inst. Eng., 13(5), 519-532. https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.1990.9677284.
  19. Nguyen, D.D., Thusa, B. and Lee, T.H. (2018), "Seismic fragility of base-isolated nuclear power plant considering near-fault ground motions", J. Korean Soc. Hazard Mitig., 18(7), 315-321. https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2018.18.7.315.
  20. Ohta, Y. and Goto, N. (1978), "Empirical shear wave velocity equation in tTerms of characteristic soil index", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 6(2), 167-187. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290060205.
  21. Santamarina, J.C., Klein, K.A. and Fam, M.A. (2001), Soils and waves, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA.
  22. Sil, A. and Sitharam, T.G. (2014), "Dynamic site characterization and correlation of shear wave velocity with standard penetration test 'N' values for the city of Agartala, Tripura state, India", Pure Appl. Geophys, 171(8), 1859-1876. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-013-0754-y.
  23. Sun, C.G., Chung, C.K. and Kim, D.S. (2005), "A Proposition of site coefficients and site classification system for design ground motions at inland of the Korean Peninsula", J. Korean Geotech. Soc., 21(6), 101-115.
  24. Sun, C.G., Kim, H.J. and Chung, C.K. (2008), "Deduction of correlations between shear wave velocity and mechanical in-situ penetration test data", J. Earthq. Eng. Soc. Korea, 12(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2008.12.4.001.
  25. Yoo, M.T., Kwon, S.Y. and Hong, S.W. (2022), "Dynamic response evaluation of deep underground structures based on numerical simulation", Geomech. Eng., 29(3), 269-279. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2022.29.3.269.
  26. Zulfikar, A.C., Akcan, S.O., Yesilyurt, A., Eroz, M. and Cimili, T. (2023), "Earthquake hazard and risk assessment of a typical Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant (NGCCPP) control building", Geomech. Eng., 35(6), 581--591. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2023.35.6.581.