Animal Bioscience

  • 제37권8호
  • /
  • Pages.1387-1397
  • /
  • 2024
  • /
  • 2765-0189(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2765-0235(eISSN)
아세아태평양축산학회 (Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of prilled fat supplementation in diets with varying protein levels on production performance of early lactating Nili Ravi Buffaloes

  • Saba Anwar (Buffalo Research Institute) ;
  • Anjum Khalique (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences) ;
  • Hifzulrahman (Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences) ;
  • Muhammad NaeemTahir (Department of Livestock Management, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University) ;
  • Burhan E Azam (Livestock Experiment Station) ;
  • Muhammad Asim Tausif (Livestock Experiment Station) ;
  • Sundas Qamar (Buffalo Research Institute) ;
  • Hina Tahir (Buffalo Research Institute) ;
  • Murtaza Ali Tipu (Department of Livestock and Dairy Development) ;
  • Muhammad Naveed ul Haque (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences)
  • 투고 : 2023.12.26
  • 심사 : 2024.04.01
  • 발행 : 2024.08.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Objective: The objective of the current study was to find out the independent and interactive effects of prilled fat supplementation with protein on the production performance of early lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes. Methods: Sixteen early lactating buffaloes (36.75±5.79 d in milk; mean±standard error) received 4 treatments in 4×4 Latin-square design according to 2×2 factorial arrangements. The dietary treatments were: i) low protein low fat, ii) low protein high fat, iii) high protein low fat, and iv) high protein high fat. The dietary treatments contained 2 protein (8.7% and 11.7% crude protein) and fat levels (2.6% and 4.6% ether extract) on a dry matter basis. Results: The yields of milk and fat increased with increasing protein and fat independently (p≤0.05). Energy-, protein-, and fat-corrected milk yields also increased with increasing protein and fat independently (p≤0.05). Increasing dietary protein increased the protein yield by 3.75% and lactose yield by 3.15% and increasing dietary fat supplies increased the fat contents by 3.93% (p≤0.05). Milk yield and fat-corrected milk to dry matter intake ratios were increased at high protein and high fat levels (p≤0.05). Milk nitrogen efficiency was unaffected by dietary fat (p>0.10), whereas it decreased with increasing protein supplies (p≤0.05). Plasma urea nitrogen and cholesterol were increased by increasing protein and fat levels, respectively (p≤0.05). The values of predicted methane production reduced with increasing dietary protein and fat. Conclusion: It is concluded that prilled fat and protein supplies increased milk and fat yield along with increased ratios of milk yield and fat-corrected milk yields to dry matter intake. However, no interaction was observed between prilled fat and protein supplementation for production parameters, body weight, body condition score and blood metabolites. Predicted methane production decreased with increasing protein and fat levels.

키워드

과제정보

The authors acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Ali Husnain, Lecturer Theriogenology, UVAS A block Pattoki, for support in drafting and data analysis. The authors are grateful to Mr. Umer Hayat, LA Nutrition laboratory of Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki their help in feed sample analysis.

참고문헌

  1. Pegolo S, Stocco G, Mele M, Schiavon S, Bittante G, Cecchinato A. Factors affecting variations in the detailed fatty acid profile of Mediterranean buffalo milk determined by2-dimensional gas chromatography. J Dairy Sci 2017;100:2564-76. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11696 
  2. Sarwar M, Khan MA, Nisa M, Bhatti SA, Shahzad MA. Nutritional management for buffalo production. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2009;22:1060-8. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2009.r.09 
  3. Jenkins TC, Mc Guire MA. Major advances in nutrition: impact on milk composition. J Dairy Sci 2006;89:1302-10. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72198-1 
  4. Hifzulrahman, Abdullah M, Akhtar MU, et al. Comparison of oil and fat supplementation on lactation performance of Nili Ravi buffaloes. J Dairy Sci 2019;102:3000-9. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15452 
  5. National Research Council (NRC). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th rev ed. Washington, DC, USA: The National Academies Press; 2001. https://doi.org/10.17226/9825 
  6. Lock AL, Preseault CL, Rico JE, Deland KE, Allen MS. Feeding a C16:0-enriched fat supplement increased the yield of milk fat and improved conversion of feed to milk. J Dairy Sci 2013;96:6650-9. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-6892 
  7. de Souza J, Batistel F, Santos FAP. Effect of sources of calcium salts of fatty acids on production, nutrient digestibility, energy balance, and carryover effects of early lactation grazing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017;100:1072-85. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11636 
  8. Akhtar UM, Hifzulrahman, Imran M, et al. Nitrogen balance, production performance, and plasma metabolites of lactating buffaloes in response to varying dietary protein levels. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021;53:443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02883-0 
  9. Nichols K, van Laar H, Bannink A, Dijkstra J. Mammary gland utilization of amino acids and energy metabolites differs when dairy cow rations are isoenergetically supplemented with protein and fat. J Dairy Sci 2019;102:1160-75. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15125 
  10. de Veth MJ, Castaneda-Gutierrez E, Dwyer DA, Pfeiffer AM, Putnam DE, Bauman DE. Response to conjugated linoleic acid in dairy cows differing in energy and protein status. J Dairy Sci 2006;89:4620-31. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72512-7 
  11. Naveed-ul-Haque M, Akhtar MU, Munnawar R, et al. Effects of increasing dietary protein supplies on milk yield, milk composition, and nitrogen use efficiency in lactating buffalo. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018;50:1125-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1539-1 
  12. Hodge JE, Hofreiter BT. Determintion of reducing sugars and carbohydrates. In: Whistler RL, Be Miller JN, editors. Methods in carbohydrate chemistry. New York, USA: Academic Press; 1962. 
  13. Kitinoja L, Awad H. Postharvest tools and supplies kit: utilization, calibration and maintenance manual. Davis, CA, USA: University of California; 2005. 
  14. Ferguson, JD, Galligan DT, Thomsen N. Principal descriptors of body condition score in holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 1994;77:2695-703. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77212-X 
  15. Moallem U. Future consequences of decreasing marginal production efficiency in the high-yielding dairy cow. J Dairy Sci 2016;99:2986-95. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10494 
  16. Patra AK. Recent advances in measurement and dietary mitigation of enteric methane emissions in ruminants. Front Vet Sci 2016;3:39. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00039 
  17. SAS Institute. SAS/STAT user's guide. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Inst Inc; 2004. 
  18. Imran M, Pasha TN, Shahid MQ, Babar I, Naveed ul Haque M. Effect of increasing dietary metabolizable protein on nitrogen efficiency in Holstein dairy cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017;30:660-5. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.16.0564 
  19. Hristov AN, Ropp JK, Grandeen KL, et al. Effect of carbohydrate source on ammonia utilization in lactating dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2005;83:408-21. https://doi.org/10.2527/2005.832408x 
  20. Brun-Lafleur L, Delaby L, Husson F, Faverdin P. Predicting energy× protein interaction on milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2010;93:4128-43. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2669 
  21. Doepel L, Lapierre H. Changes in production and mammary metabolism of dairy cows in response to essential and nonessential amino acid infusions. J Dairy Sci 2010;93:3264-74. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-3033 
  22. Law RA, Young FJ, Patterson DC, Kilpatrick DJ, Wylie ARG, Mayne CS. Effect of dietary protein content on animal production and blood metabolites of dairy cows during lactation. J Dairy Sci 2009;92:1001-12. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1155 
  23. Colmenero JJO, Broderick GA. Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2006;89:1704-12. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72238-X 
  24. Bartocci S, Terramoccia S, Tripaldi C. The utilisation of a high level energy/protein diet for lactating Mediterranean buffaloes: intake capacity and effects on quanti-qualitative milk parameters. Livest Sci 2006;99:211-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.06.015 
  25. Van Soest PJ. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. 2nd ed. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell university press; 1994. 
  26. Katiyar GS, Mudgal V, Sharma RK, et al. Effect of rumen-protected nutrients on feed intake, body weights, milk yield, and composition in Murrah buffaloes during early lactation. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019;51:2297-304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-01942-x 
  27. Piantoni P, Lock AL, Allen MS. Saturated fat supplementation interacts with dietary forage neutral detergent fiber content during the immediate postpartum and carryover periods in Holstein cows: Production responses and digestibility of nutrients. J Dairy Sci 2015;98:3309-22. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8798 
  28. Lohrenz AK, Duske K, Schneider F, et al. Milk performance and glucose metabolism in dairy cows fed rumen protected fat during mid-lactation. J Dairy Sci 2010;93:5867-76. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3342 
  29. Ranjan A, Sahoo B, Singh VK, Srivastava S, Singh SP, Pattanaik AK. Effect of bypass fat supplementation on productive performance and blood biochemical profile in lactating Murrah (Bubalus bubalis) buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012;44:1615-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-012-0115-3 
  30. Harvatine KJ, Allen MS. Fat supplements affect fractional rates of ruminal fatty acid biohydrogenation and passage in dairy cows. J Nutr 2006;136:677-85. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.3.677 
  31. Hifzulrahman, Abdullah M, Akhtar MU, et al. Effect of graded supplementation of calcium salts of palm fatty acids on lactation performance of Nili Ravi buffaloes. J Anim Plant Sci 2020;30:32-9. https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2020.1.0004 
  32. Metcalf JA, Mansbridge RJ, Blake JS, Oldham JD, Newbold JR. The efficiency of conversion of metabolisable protein into milk true protein over a range of metabolisable protein intakes. Animal (Basel) 2008;2:1193-202. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731108002140 
  33. Purushothaman S, Kumar A, Tiwari DP. Effect of feeding calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids on performance of lactating crossbred cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2008;21:376-85. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.60505 
  34. Warntjes JL, Robinson PH, Galo E, DePeters EJ, Howes D. Effects of feeding supplemental palmitic acid (C16:0) on performance and milk fatty acid profile of lactating dairy cows under summer heat. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008;140:241-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.03.004 
  35. Loften JR, Linn JG, Drackley JK, Jenkins TC, Soderholm CG, Kertz AF. Invited review: palmitic and stearic acid metabolism in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014;97:4661-74. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-7919 
  36. Shelke SK, Thakur SS, Amrutkar SA. Effect of feeding protected fat and proteins on milk production, composition and nutrient utilization in Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012;171:98-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.10.003 
  37. Kebreab E, France J, Beever DE, Castillo AR. Nitrogen pollution by dairy cows and its mitigation by dietary manipulation. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 2001;60:275-85. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012668109662 
  38. Singh M, Sehgal JP, Roy AK, Pandita S, Rajesh G. Effect of prill fat supplementation on hormones, milk production and energy metabolites during mid-lactation in crossbred cows. Vet World 2014;7:384-8. 
  39. Beauchemin KA, Ungerfeld EM, Abdalla AL, et al. Invited review: current enteric methane mitigation options. J Dairy Sci 2022;105:9297-326. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22091