Steel and Composite Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Experimental investigation of local stress distribution along the cross-section of composite steel beams near joints

  • Sangwook Park (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State University) ;
  • Patricia Clayton (Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University) ;
  • Todd A. Helwig (Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin) ;
  • Michael D. Engelhardt (Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin) ;
  • Eric B. Williamson (Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, U.S. Military Academy)
  • Received : 2023.09.06
  • Accepted : 2024.06.04
  • Published : 2024.06.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This research experimentally evaluated the local stress distribution along the cross-section of composite beams under both positive and negative moments. The experiment utilized a large-scale, two-story, two-by-three bay steel gravity frame with a concrete on metal deck floor system. The composite shear connections, which are nominally assumed to be pinned under gravity loading, can develop non-negligible moment-resisting capacity when subjected to lateral loads. This paper discusses the local stress distribution, orshear lag effects, observed near the beam-to-column connections when subjected to combined gravity and lateral loading. Strain gauges were used for measurements along the beam depth at varying distances from the connection. The experimental data showed amplified shear lag effects near the unconnected region of the beam web and bottom flange under the applied loading conditions. These results indicate that strain does not vary linearly across the beam cross-section adjacent to the connection components. This insight has implications for the use of experimental strain gauge data in estimating beam demands near the connections. These findings can be beneficial in informing instrumentation plans for future experimental studies on composite beams.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award No. CMMI-1825691. The financial support is gratefully acknowledged. The full details and experimental results for this test program have been archived at the DesignSafe website (https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2-xa1b-ac84). The authors gratefully acknowledge the generous donation of structural steel from the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) and steel floor deck from New Millennium Building Systems. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the comments and feedback provided by an industry advisory group that included Tom Sputo, Larry Kruth, and Pat McManus. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the individuals noted above.

References

  1. AISC (2022), Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, ANSI/AISC 341-22, American Institute of Steel Construction; Chicago, IL, USA
  2. AISC (2022), Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, ANSI/AISC 360-22, American Institute of Steel Construction; Chicago, IL, USA
  3. AISC (2023), Steel Construction Manual (16th edition), American Institute of Steel Construction; Chicago, IL, USA
  4. Amadio, C. and Fragiacomo, M. (2002), "Effective width evaluation for steel-concrete composite beams", J. Construct. Steel Res., 58(3), 373-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(01)00058-X.
  5. Amadio, C., Fedrigo, C., Fragiacomo, M. and Macorini, L. (2004), "Experimental evaluation of effective width in steel-concrete composite beams", J. Construct. Steel Res., 60(2), 199-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2003.08.007.
  6. ASCE (2017), Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI 7-16, American Society of Civil Engineers; Reston, VA, USA.
  7. ASTM (2016), Standard Specification for High Strength Structural Bolts, Steel and Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 120 ksi (830 MPa) and 150 ksi (1040 MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength, Inch and Metric Dimensions (F3125-15), ASTM International; West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  8. ASTM (2017), Standard Specification for Steel for Structural Shapes for Use in Building Framing (A992/A992M-01), ASTM International; West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  9. ASTM (2019), Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel (A36/A36M-19), ASTM International; West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  10. ASTM (2020), Standard Test Method for Obtaining and testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete (C42), ASTM International; West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  11. Bhardwaj, A., Nagpal, A.K., Chaudhary, S. and Matsagar, V. (2021), "Effect of location of load on shear lag behavior of bonded steel-concrete flexural members", Steel Compos. Struct., 41(1), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2021.41.1.123.
  12. Chesson Jr, E. and Munse, W.H. (1963), "Riveted and bolted joints: Truss-type tensile connections", J. Struct. Div., 89(1), 67-106. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0000891.
  13. Chung, K.F. and Lau, L. (1999), "Experimental investigation on bolted moment connections among cold formed steel members", Eng. Struct., 21(10), 898-911. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(98)00043-1.
  14. Donahue, S.M. (2019), "The role of the floor system in the seismic response of steel gravity framing", Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
  15. Easterling, W.S. and Giroux, L.G. (1993), "Shear lag effects in steel tension members", Eng. J. Amer. Institute Steel Construct., 30, 77-89.
  16. Ke, K., Xiong, Y.H., Yam, M.C., Lam, A.C. and Chung, K.F. (2018), "Shear lag effect on ultimate tensile capacity of high strength steel angles", J. Construct. Steel Res., 145, 300-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.02.015.
  17. Kulak, G.L. and Wu, E.Y. (1997), "Shear lag in bolted angle tension members", J. Struct. Eng., 123(9), 1144-1152. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:9(1144).
  18. Liu, J. and Astaneh-Asl, A. (2000), "Cyclic tests on simple connections, including effects of slab", Report No. SAC/BD-00/03; SAC Joint Venture, Sacramento, CA, USA.
  19. Luo, D., Zhang, Z. and Li, B. (2019), "Shear lag effect in steel-concrete composite beam in hogging moment", Steel Compos. Struct., 31(1), 27-41. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.1.027.
  20. Masoudnia, R. (2020), "State of the art of the effective flange width for composite T-beams", Construct. Build. Mater., 244, 118303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118303.
  21. Munse, W.H. and Chesson Jr, E. (1963), "Riveted and bolted joints: net section design", J. Struct. Div., 89(1), 107-126. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0000869.
  22. Nie, J.G., Tian, C.Y. and Cai, C.S. (2008), "Effective width of steel-concrete composite beam at ultimate strength state", Eng. Struct., 30(5), 1396-1407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.07.027.
  23. Park, S., Clayton, P., Engelhardt, M.D., Helwig, T.A. and Williamson, E.B. (2024). "Cyclic response of composite steel gravity framing connections in multibay system-level tests", J. Struct. Eng., 150(3), 04024004. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-12998.
  24. Park, S., Clayton, P., Helwig, T., Engelhardt, M. and Williamson, E. (2023), Quasi-static cyclic loading tests on steel gravity framing with concrete slab; DesignSafe-CI. https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2-xa1b-ac84.
  25. Zhang, J., Han, B., Xie, H., Yan, W., Li, W. and Yu, J. (2021), "Analysis of shear lag effect in the negative moment region of steel-concrete composite beams under fatigue load", Steel Compos. Struct., 39(4), 435-451. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2021.39.4.435.
  26. Zhao, J.Z., Zhou, Q.L. and Tao, M.X. (2020), "Effective slab width for beam-end flexural strength of composite frames with circular-section columns", J. Construct. Steel Res., 174, 106309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106309.
  27. Zhu, L., Ma, Q., Yan, W.T., Han, B. and Liu, W. (2021), "Effective width of steel-concrete composite beams under negative moments in service stages", Steel Compos. Struct., 38(4), 415-430. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2021.38.4.415.
  28. Zhu, L., Nie, J.G., Li, F.X. and Ji, W.Y. (2015), "Simplified analysis method accounting for shear-lag effect of steel-concrete composite decks", J. Construct. Steel Res., 115, 62-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.08.020.