Journal of Aerospace System Engineering (항공우주시스템공학회지)

The Society for Aerospace System Engineering (항공우주시스템공학회)
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Comparison of the Internal Pressure Behavior of Liquid Hydrogen Fuel Tanks Depending on the Liquid Hydrogen Filling Ratio

액체수소 충전 비율에 따른 액체수소 연료탱크의 내부 압력 거동 비교

  • Dongkuk Choi (Research Institute for Aerospace Engineering and Technology, Korea Aerospace University) ;
  • Sooyong Lee (School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University)
  • 최동국 (한국항공대학교 항공우주산업기술연구소) ;
  • 이수용 (한국항공대학교 항공우주 및 기계공학부)
  • Received : 2024.01.02
  • Accepted : 2024.04.22
  • Published : 2024.06.30
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Abstract

Because hydrogen has very low density, a different storage method is required to store the same amount of energy as fossil fuel. One way to increase the density of hydrogen is through liquefaction. However, since the liquefied temperature of hydrogen is extremely low at -252 ℃, it is easily vaporized by external heat input. When liquid hydrogen is vaporized, a self-pressurizing phenomenon occurs in which the pressure inside the hydrogen tank increases, so when designing the tank, this rising pressure must be carefully predicted. Therefore, in this paper, the internal pressure of a cryogenic liquid fuel tank was predicted according to the liquid hydrogen filling ratio. A one-dimensional thermodynamic model was applied to predict the pressure rise inside the tank. The thermodynamic model considered heat transfer, vaporization of liquid hydrogen, and fuel discharging. Finally, it was confirmed that there was a significant difference in pressure behavior and maximum rise pressure depending on the filling ratio of liquid hydrogen in the fuel tank.

수소는 매우 낮은 밀도를 갖기 때문에 화석연료와 동일한 수준의 에너지량을 저장하기 위해서는 기존과 다른 저장방식이 요구된다. 수소의 밀도를 높이는 방법으로는 수소를 액화하여 저장하는 방법이 있다. 하지만, 수소의 액화온도는 -252 ℃의 극저온이기 때문에 외부 열 유입에 의해 쉽게 기화된다. 액체수소가 기화되면 탱크 내부의 압력이 증가되는 자가증압 현상을 발생하므로, 탱크 설계 시 이 상승하는 압력을 잘 예측해야 한다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 극저온 액체수소 연료탱크의 액체수소 충전 비율에 따른 내부 압력을 예측하였다. 탱크 내부의 압력 상승을 예측하기 위하여 1차원 열역학적 모델을 적용하였다. 열전달 모델은 열 유입, 액체수소의 기화, 연료 배출에 현상이 고려되었다. 최종적으로 연료탱크 내의 액체수소의 충전 비율에 따라 압력 상승 거동과 최대 상승 압력에 큰 차이가 있음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2023년도 정부(교육부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 기초연구사업(과제번호: 2022R1A6A1A03056784)과 과학기술정보통신부의 거대과학연구개발사업인 스페이스파이오니어사업(2021M1A3B9096764)에 의해 수행되었습니다.

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