청정기술 (Clean Technology)

  • 제30권2호
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  • Pages.71-93
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  • 2024
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  • 1598-9712(pISSN)
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  • 2288-0690(eISSN)
한국청정기술학회 (The Korean Society of Clean Technology)
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청정 수소 저장을 위한 고효율, 저탄소 배출 암모니아 합성기술 동향

Advancements in High-Efficiency Ammonia Synthesis Technology: A Key Solution for Green Hydrogen Storage in the Carbon-Neutral Era

  • 정원준 (인하대학교 화학공학과) ;
  • 김진태 (인하대학교 화학공학과) ;
  • 조강희 (인하대학교 화학공학과)
  • Weonjun Jeong (Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering) ;
  • Jintae Kim (Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering) ;
  • Kanghee Cho (Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering)
  • 투고 : 2024.03.05
  • 심사 : 2024.04.03
  • 발행 : 2024.06.30
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초록

최근, 무탄소 에너지원(특히, 선박 및 혼소 발전), 고효율 청정 수소 저장 및 매개체로써 암모니아가 다시 각광받고 있다. 암모니아는 화학공학에서 매우 중요한 공정 중 하나인 Haber-Bosch 공정을 통해 합성할 수 있지만, 이 공정은 에너지 소비량이 높고 탄소 배출량 역시 높아, 기존 공정을 통해 암모니아를 합성할 시 탄소 저감 효과가 미미하다. 이러한 기존 공정의 치명적인 단점을 해결하기 위해 최근, 높은 에너지 효율로 탄소 배출이 적게 암모니아를 합성할 수 있는 열화학적 합성 방법이 많이 개발되고 있다. 소재측면에서는 기존 공정보다 완화된 공정 조건에서도 충분히 높은 암모니아 합성 성능을 보일 수 있는 고성능 촉매 소재를 개발하는 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 공정측면에서는 매체 순환식(chemical-looping) 합성 방법, 플라즈마 합성방법, 기계화학적 합성 방식 등 다양하게 적용되고 있다. 이번 총설에서는 최근 청정수소 저장을 효과적으로 저장하기 위해 어떤 암모니아 합성 기술들이 개발되고 있는지 자세히 소개하고자 한다.

Recently, the establishment of a hydrogen-based economy and the utilization of low-carbon energy sources, particularly for shipping and power generation, have been in high demand in order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. In particular, ammonia is gaining renewed attention because it is capable of serving as a key facilitator for high-efficiency green hydrogen storage and transportation and it is also capable of serving as a low-carbon energy source. Although ammonia can be synthesized through the Haber-Bosch process, the high energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with this process result in minimal carbon reduction. To address the critical drawbacks of the traditional Haber-Bosch process, various thermochemical synthesis methods have been developed recently, allowing for the synthesis of ammonia with lower carbon emissions and a higher energy efficiency. Research is also progressing in the development of high-performance catalyst materials that are capable of demonstrating sufficient ammonia synthesis performance under milder process conditions compared to conventional methods. Additionally, a variety of different processes such as chemical-looping ammonia synthesis, plasma synthesis, and mechanochemical synthesis are being applied diversely. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the emerging ammonia synthesis technologies that have been developed to effectively store green hydrogen for future applications.

키워드

과제정보

This work was also supported by INHA UNIVERSITY Research Grant.

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