International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security

International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security (국제컴퓨터통신보호논문지학회)
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Elemental Composition of the Soils using LIBS Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

  • Muhammad Aslam Khoso (Institute of Physics, University of Sindh) ;
  • Seher Saleem (Institute of Physics, University of Sindh) ;
  • Altaf H. Nizamani (Institute of Physics, University of Sindh) ;
  • Hussain Saleem (Department of Computer Science, UBIT, University of Karachi) ;
  • Abdul Majid Soomro (Institute of Physics, University of Sindh) ;
  • Waseem Ahmed Bhutto (Institute of Physics, University of Sindh) ;
  • Saifullah Jamali (Institute of Physics, University of Sindh) ;
  • Nek Muhammad Shaikh (Institute of Physics, University of Sindh)
  • Received : 2024.06.05
  • Published : 2024.06.30
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Abstract

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique has been used for the elemental composition of the soils. In this technique, a high energy laser pulse is focused on a sample to produce plasma. From the spectroscopic analysis of such plasma plume, we have determined the different elements present in the soil. This technique is effective and rapid for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of all type of samples. In this work a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser operating with its fundamental mode (1064 nm laser wavelength), 5 nanosecond pulse width, and 10 Hz repetition rate was focused on soil samples using 10 cm quartz lens. The emission spectra of soil consist of Iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca), Titanium (Ti), Silicon (Si), Aluminum (Al), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Potassium (K), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Barium (Ba), Vanadium (V), Lead (Pb), Nitrogen (N), Scandium (Sc), Hydrogen (H), Strontium (Sr), and Lithium (Li) with different finger-prints of the transition lines. The maximum intensity of the transition lines was observed close to the surface of the sample and it was decreased along the axial direction of the plasma expansion due to the thermalization and the recombination process. We have also determined the plasma parameters such as electron temperature and the electron number density of the plasma using Boltzmann's plot method as well as the Stark broadening of the transition lines respectively. The electron temperature is estimated at 14611 °K, whereas the electron number density i.e. 4.1 × 1016 cm-3 lies close to the surface.

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