Acknowledgement
This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12005162). It is also financially supported by the Innovative Scientific Program of the CNNC.
References
- W. Ma, E. Bubelis, A. Karbojian, et al., Transient experiments from the thermal-hydraulic ADS lead bismuth loop (TALL) and comparative TRAC/AAA analysis, Nucl. Eng. Des. 236 (13) (2006) 1422-1444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.01.006
- C.B. Davis, A.S. Shieh, Overview of the Use of ATHENA for Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Systems with Lead-Bismuth Coolant, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID (United States), 2000.
- T.H. Fanning, A. Brunett, Status of the SAS4A/SASSYS-1 safety analysis code[R], in: ANL-ART-97, Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 2017.
- W. Maschek, A. Rineiski, T. Suzuki, et al., SIMMER-III and SIMMER-IV Safety Code Development for Reactors with Transmutation Capability, M & C, 2005.
- Chong Zhou, Applicability Development and Application of System Safety Analysis Program in Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor and Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor [D], Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2013.
- M. Polidori, Implementation of Thermo-Physical Properties and Thermal-Hydraulic Characteristics of Lead-Bismuth Eutectic and Lead on CATHARE Code[R], RICERCA DI SISTEMA ELETTRICO, 2010.
- OECD Nuclear energy agency, Handbook on Lead-bismuth Eutectic Alloy and Lead Properties, Materials Compatibility, Thermal-hydraulics and Technologies 2015 Edition[R], OECD NEA, 2015.
- G.P. Bogolovskaia, Comparative Assessment of Thermophysical and Thermohydraulic Characteristics of Lead, Lead-Bismuth and Sodium Coolants for Fast reactors[R], IAEA-THCDOC-1298, Vienna, 2002.
- M.H. Chun, K.W. Seo, An experimental study and assessment of existing friction factor correlations for wire-wrapped fuel assemblies, Ann. Nucl. Energy 28 (17) (2001) 1683-1695. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4549(01)00023-8
- M. Schikorr, E. Bubelis, B. Carluec, et al., Assessment of SFR reactor safety issues. Part I: analysis of the unprotected ULOF, ULOHS and UTOP transients for the SFR (v2b-ST) reactor design and assessment of the efficiency of a passive safety system for prevention of severe accidents, Nucl. Eng. Des. 285 (2015) 249-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.10.015
- K. Rehme, Pressure drop correlations for fuel element spacer, Nucl. Technol. 17 (1) (1973) 15-23. https://doi.org/10.13182/NT73-A31250
- X. Cheng, N.I. Tak, Investigation on turbulent heat transfer to lead-bismuth eutectic flows in circular tubes for nuclear applications, Nucl. Eng. Des. 236 (4) (2006) 385-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2005.09.006
- W. Jaeger, Heat transfer to liquid metals with empirical models for turbulent forced convection in various geometries, Nucl. Eng. Des. (Aug) (2017) 319.
- K. Mikityuk, Heat transfer to liquid metal: review of data and correlations for tube bundles, Nucl. Eng. Des. 239 (4) (2009) 680-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.12.014
- M.S. Kazimi, M.D. Carelli, Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant Heat Transfer Correlation for Analysis of CRBRP assemblies[R], Westinghouse, CRBRP-ARD-0034, 1976.
- V.I. Subbotin, P.A. Ushakov, P.L. Kirillov, et al., Heat transfer in elements of reactors with a liquid metal coolant[C], in: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy, vol. 8, 1965, pp. 192-200.
- Randolph J. Sellars, Heat transfer to laminar flow in a round tube or flat conduit: the Graetz problem extended[J], Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers 78 (2) (1956) 447-448. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4013702
- F. Dittus, L. Boelter, Heat transfer in automobile radiators of the tubular type, Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 12 (1) (1985) 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-1933(85)90003-X
- V. Gnielinski, New equations for heat and Mass transfer in turbulent pipe and channel flow, Int. J. Chem. Eng. 16 (1976) 359-368.
- J.C.A. Chen, Correlation for Boiling Heat Transfer to Saturated Fluids in Convective Flow, ASME-63-HT-34, 1963.
- H. Forster, N. Zuber, Dynamics of vapor bubbles and boiling heat transfer, AIChE J. 1 (4) (1955) 531-535. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690010425
- D.C. Groeneveld, G.J. Delorme, Prediction of thermal non-equilibrium in the post-dryout regime, Nucl. Eng. Des. 36 (1976) 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(76)90138-2
- P.J. Berenson, Film boiling heat transfer from a horizontal surface, J. Heat Tran. (1961) 351-358.
- M. Shah, A general correlation for heat transfer during film condensation inside pipes, Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 22 (4) (1979) 547-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(79)90058-9
- P.E. Macdonald, J. Buongiorno, Design of an Actinide Burning, Lead or Lead-Bismuth Cooled Reactor that Produces Low-Cost Electricity[R], Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, 2001. FY-01 Annual Report.
- C.B. Davis, Thermal-hydraulic analyses of transients in an actinide-burner reactor cooled by forced convection of lead-bismuth, Nucl. Eng. Des. 224 (2) (2003) 149-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-5493(03)00104-3