Advances in materials Research

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Effect of NCO/OH ratio and binder content with micro-AP on HTPB/AP/Al-based propellants mechanical properties

  • Zulfam Adnan (School of Aerospace Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia) ;
  • Nurul Musfirah Mazlan (School of Aerospace Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia)
  • Received : 2023.01.06
  • Accepted : 2023.10.06
  • Published : 2024.04.25
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Abstract

This study evaluates the ratio of Toluene di-isocyanate (TDI) functional group isocyanate (NCO) to the binder functional hydroxyl group (OH) in HTPB/AP/Al-based propellants on their mechanical properties, flow rate, and viscosity to determine the limitations of NCO/OH in the composition of solid propellants. The propellants consisted of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) polyurethane (PU), aluminum (Al) and tri-modal ammonium perchlorate (AP). The tri-modal AP consisted of 30% of coarse AP, 30% of medium AP, and 8% of fine AP. The ratio of NCO/OH varies from 0.73 to 0.85, with two binder percentages of 10.5% and 12%. An increase in NCO/OH ratio with 10.5% binder provided 20%, 95%, and 8 to 9% increments in UTS, modulus, and hardness, respectively. However, the propellant elongation, density, and flow rate decreased by 170%, 0.2%, and 11-12%, respectively. Viscosity increased 20% based on initial hour reading. The 12% binder provides 27%, 47%, and 5~6% an increment of UTS, modulus and hardness respectively. However, the propellant elongation, density, and flow rate decreased by 47%, 0.17% and 27%, respectively. The viscosity increased 30% based on initial hour reading. This study suggests the NCO/OH value of 0.77 and 10.5~11% binder content in propellant based on the mechanical properties, flow rate, and viscosity for better processing and pot life.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to acknowledge Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2023/TK04/USM/03/1) and USM Gra-ASSIST for supporting this research work.

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