The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology (문화기술의 융합)

The International Promotion Agency of Culture Technology (국제문화기술진흥원)
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A study on the relationship between selective exposure, opinion change, and political participation in a digital news distribution environment

개인과 미디어의 선택성이 강화된 디지털 뉴스 유통 환경에서 선택적 노출과 의견변화, 정치참여의 관계 연구

  • 신지희 (숙명여자대학교 미디어학과) ;
  • 양승찬 (숙명여자대학교 미디어학부)
  • Received : 2024.01.25
  • Accepted : 2024.02.25
  • Published : 2024.03.31
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Abstract

The current distribution of digital news has the potential to produce politically biased information for users as a result of individual choices and media selection based on those choices. Consequently, this research explored the factors affecting individual news selection and the effects of opinion changes and political participation that can occur when news tailored to users' partisan preferences is recommended. The phenomenon of selective exposure has been shown to be stronger when individuals utilize more limited information processing, experience higher discussion efficacy among groups with similar political beliefs. Furthermore, When a selective exposure group was randomly provided with a one-way message news that matched their partisan leanings, it was found that opinion consolidation, opinion-reinforcing information processing, and online political participation. On the other hand, when they were randomly presented with two-way messaging news in which the media balanced two competing partisan positions, they were found to be more likely to understand the other side's views and arguments, and more willing to adjust their existing opinions. We are confirmed that the balanced use of various opinions is very important in deliberative democratic process.

본 연구는 현재 디지털 뉴스 유통 과정이 개인의 선택, 이에 기반한 미디어의 선택으로 인해 이용자들에게 정치적으로 편향된 정보를 제공할 수 있다는 점에 초점을 맞추고 개인의 뉴스 선택에 영향을 미치는 요인과 이용자의 정파적 선호에 맞춤화된 뉴스가 추천됐을 때 발생할 수 있는 의견변화와 정치참여의 효과를 탐색적으로 분석했다. 자신의 정파적 선호에 부합하는 뉴스를 선택하는 선택적 노출의 현상은 개인이 한정적 정보처리를 많이 이용하고, 정치적 신념이 같은 집단 간의 높은 토론 효능감을 경험할수록 그 정도가 높은 것으로 니타났다. 선택적 노출의 정도가 높은 개인에게 정파적 성향과 일치하는 일방향 메시지의 뉴스를 무작위로 제공했을 때 기존 의견이 강화되는 방향으로 의견 공고화와 의견보강 정보처리가 일어나면서 온라인 정치참여가 높아지는 경향성이 발견되었다. 반면 이들에게 미디어가 경쟁하는 두 정파적 입장을 균형있게 다룬 양방향 메시지 뉴스를 무작위로 제공했을 경우 상대편의 견해와 논지를 이해하고 더 나은 의견이 있다면 기존 의견을 조정해보려는 의향이 함께 발견되었다. 이 연구는 숙의민주주의 과정에서 다양한 의견을 균형있게 이용하는 것의 중요성을 지적하고 이와 관련한 미디어 리터러시의 필요성을 제안했다.

Keywords

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