Computers and Concrete

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Nondestructive detection of crack density in ultra-high performance concrete using multiple ultrasound measurements: Evidence of microstructural change

  • Seungo Baek (Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)) ;
  • Bada Lee (Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)) ;
  • Jeong Hoon Rhee (Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)) ;
  • Yejin Kim (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Hyoeun Kim (Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)) ;
  • Seung Kwan Hong (School of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Goangseup Zi (School of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Gun Kim (Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)) ;
  • Tae Sup Yun (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University)
  • Received : 2023.12.06
  • Accepted : 2024.01.21
  • Published : 2024.04.25
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Abstract

This study nondestructively examined the evolution of crack density in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) upon cyclic loading. Uniaxial compression was repeatedly applied to the cylindrical specimens at levels corresponding to 32% and 53% of the maximum load-bearing capacity, each at a steady strain rate. At each stage, both P-wave and S-wave velocities were measured in the absence of the applied load. In particular, the continuous monitoring of P-wave velocity from the first loading prior to the second loading allowed real-time observation of the strengthening effect during loading and the recovery effect afterwards. Increasing the number of cycles resulted in the reduction of both elastic wave velocities and Young's modulus, along with a slight rise in Poisson's ratio in both tested cases. The computed crack density showed a monotonically increasing trend with repeated loading, more significant at 53% than at 32% loading. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the crack density along the height was achieved, validating the directional dependency of microcracking development. This study demonstrated the capability of the crack density to capture the evolution of microcracks in UHPC under cyclic loading condition, as an early-stage damage indicator.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. RS-2023-00213559, and No. NRF-2021R1A5A1032433).

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