Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science (한국초지조사료학회지)

The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science (한국초지조사료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Changes in Fermentation Characteristics and Bacterial Communities of Whole Crop Rice Silage during Ensiling Period

저장기간에 따른 사료용 벼 사일리지의 발효특성 및 미생물상 변화

  • Mirae Oh (Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Hyung Soo Park (Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Bo Ram Choi (Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Jae Hoon Woo (Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Seung Min Jeong (Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Ji Hye Kim (Planning and Coordination Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Bae Hun Lee (Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
  • 오미래 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과) ;
  • 박형수 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과) ;
  • 최보람 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과) ;
  • 우제훈 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과) ;
  • 정승민 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과) ;
  • 김지혜 (국립축산과학원 기획조정과) ;
  • 이배훈 (국립축산과학원 초지사료과)
  • Received : 2023.03.14
  • Accepted : 2024.03.25
  • Published : 2024.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Understanding changes in fermentation characteristics and microbial populations of forage silage during ensiling is of interest for improving the nutrient value of the feed for ruminants. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in fermentation characteristics and bacterial communities of whole crop rice (WCR) silage during the ensiling period. The chemical compositions, pH, organic acids and bacterial communities were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months after ensiling. The bacterial communities were classified at both the genus and species levels. The dry matter content of WCR silage decreased with the length of storage (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in crude protein and NDF contents. Following fermentation, the pH level of WCR silage was lower than the initial level. The lactic acid content remained at high levels for 3 to 6 months after ensiling, followed by a sharp decline at 12 months (p<0.05). Before fermentation, the WCR was dominated by Weissella (30.8%) and Pantoea (20.2%). Growth of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (31.4%) was observed at 3 months after ensiling. At 6 months, there was a decrease in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (10.2%) and an increase in Levilactobacillus brevis (12.8%), resulting in increased bacteria diversity until that period. The WCR silage was dominated by Lentilactobacillus buchneri (71.2%) and Lacticaseibacillus casei (27.0%) with a sharp reduction in diversity at 12 months. Overall, the WCR silage maintained satisfactory fermentation quality over a 12-month ensiling period. Furthermore, the fermentation characteristics of silage were found to be correlated to bacterial microbiome.

본 연구는 저장기간에 따른 사료용 벼 사일리지의 발효특성과 미생물상의 변화 모니터링을 통하여 사일리지의 품질을 평가하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 사료용 벼는 '영우' 품종을 황숙기에 수확하여 사일리지 제조 후 저장 0, 3, 6, 12개월에 사료가치 및 pH, 유기산, 미생물상의 변화를 분석하였다. 사료용 벼 사일리지의 DM 함량은 저장기간이 길어질수록 다소 감소하였고(p<0.05), CP와 NDF 함량은 큰 차이가 없었다. pH는 발효 전보다 발효 후에 모두 낮게 유지하였고, 젖산 함량은 발효 후 3~6개월에는 높게 유지되다가 12개월에는 급격히 감소하였다(p<0.05). 사료용 벼 사일리지 내 미생물 분포는 발효 이전에는 자연계 유래 토착 미생물인 Weissella (30.8%)와 Pantoea (20.2%)가 우점하였다. 사일리지 제조 후 저장 3개월에는 동종발효 유산균인 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (31.4%) 우점하였으나, 저장 6개월에는 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (10.2%)의 감소와 Levilactobacillus brevis (12.8%)의 증가를 나타내며 미생물의 다양성이 지속적으로 유지되었다. 저장 12개월에는 미생물의 다양성이 급격히 감소하여 Lentilcatobacillus buchneri (71.2%)와 Lacticaseibacillus casei (27.0%)가 우점하였다. 결과적으로 사료용 벼 사일리지는 12개월의 저장기간 동안 양호한 발효품질을 유지하였고, 발효특성 변화는 사일리지 내 미생물 분포와 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 농촌진흥청 연구사업(과제명: 국내산 풀사료 품질향상 및 평가 기술 개발, 과제번호: PJ01422401)의 지원에 의해 연구되었다.

References

  1. AOAC. 1995. Official method of analysis(15th ed.). Association of official analytical chemists, Wasington D.C. USA.
  2. Cho, S., Kwon, C.H. and Kim, E.J. 2014. Effect of bacterial inoculants and organic acid on silage quality: Meta-analysis. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science. 34(2):94-102.
  3. Dellaglio, F. and Torriani, S. 1986. DNA-DNA homology, physiological characteristics and distribution of lactic acid bacteria isolated from maize silage. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 60(2):83-92.
  4. Gao, L., Yang, H., Wang, X., Huang, Z., Ishii, M., Igarashi, Y. and Cui, Z. 2008. Rice straw fermentation using lactic acid bacteria. Bioresource Technology. 99:2742-2748.
  5. Garcia, A.D., Olson, W.G., Otterby, D.E., Linn, J.G. and Hansen, W.P. 1989. Effects of temperature, moisture, and aeration on fermentation of alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science. 72:93-103.
  6. Goering, H.K. and Van Soest, P.J. 1970. Forage fiber analysis. Agriculture Handbook. U.S. Government Print Office, Washington D.C. USA.
  7. Hu, W., Schmidt, R.J., Mcdonell, E.E., Klingerman, C.M. and Kung Jr, L. 2009. The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 or Lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silages ensiled at two dry matter contents. Journal of Dairy Science. 92:3907-3914.
  8. Jeong, S.M., Lee, B.H., Choi, K.C., Oh, M.R., Lee, K.W. and Park, H.S. 2023. Effects of moisture contents and microbial additive on fermentation characteristics and feed values of Alfalfa silage. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science. 57(5):31-37.
  9. Joo, Y.H., Jeong, S.M., Seo, M.J., Lee, S.S., Choi, K.C. and Kim, S.C. 2022. Effects of microbial additives and silo density on chemical compositions, fermentation indices, and aerobic stability of Whole crop rice silage. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science. 42(2):96-102.
  10. Kim, J.G., Ham, J.S., Chung, E.S., Yoon, S.H., Kim, M.J., Park, H.S., Lim, Y.C. and Seo, S. 2008. Evaluation of fermentation ability of microbes for Whole crop rice silage inoculant. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science. 28(3):229-236.
  11. Kleinschmit, D.H. and Kung Jr. L. 2006. A meta-analysis of the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn and grass and small-grain silages. Journal of Dairy Science. 89(10):4005-4013.
  12. Lee, S.B., Yang, C.I., Lee, J.H., Kim, M.K., Shin, Y.S., Lee, K.S., Choi, Y.H., Jeong, O.Y., Jeon, Y.H., Hong, H.C., Kim, Y.G., Jung, K.H., Jeung, J.U., Kim, J. and Shon, J.Y. 2013. A late-maturing and Whole crop silage rice cultivar 'Mogwoo'. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science. 32(2):81-86.
  13. Liu, B., Huan, H., Gu, H., Xu, N., Shen, Q. and Ding, C. 2019. Dynamics of a microbial community during ensiling and upon aerobic exposure in lactic acid bacteria inoculation-treated and untreated barley silages. Bioresource Technology. 273:212-219.
  14. McDonald, P., Henderson, A.R. and Heron, S.J.E. 1991. The biochemistry of silage (2nd ed.). Marlow, Bucks, UK:Chalcombe Publications. pp. 248-291.
  15. Ministry of Agriculure, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA). 2024. Guidelines for implementing agriculture, food, and rural affairs businesses in 2024. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. pp. 66-116.
  16. Mohd-Setapar, S.H., Abd-Talib, N. and Aziz, R. 2012. Review on crucial parameters of silage quality. APCBEE Procedia. 3:99-103.
  17. Muck, R. 2013. Recent advances in silage microbiology. Agricultural and Food Science. 22(1):3-15.
  18. Pahlow, G., Muck, R.E., Driehuis, F., Elferink, S.J.O. and Spoelstra, S.F. 2003. Microbiology of ensiling. Silage Science and Technology. 42:31-93.
  19. Seo, M.J., Joo, Y.H., Lee, S.S., Kim, J.Y., Baeg, C.H., Jeong, S.M., Choi, K.C. and Kim, S.C. 2023. Effects of forage cutting and baler mixing on chemical compositions, fermentation indices, and aerobic stability of Whole crop rice haylage. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science. 43(1):50-55.
  20. Xu, Z., He, H., Zhang, S. and Kong, J. 2017. Effects of inoculants Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus parafarraginis on the fermentation characteristics and microbial communities of corn stover silage. Scientific Reports. 7(1):13614.
  21. Yang, C.I., Lee, S.B., Won, Y.J., Ahn, E.K., Kim, M.K., Kim, Y.G., Hyun, Y.J, Jeong, J.M., Hwang, H.G., Shin, Y.S., Hong, H.C., Lee, J.H., Lee, G.S., Choi, Y.H., Choi, I.S., Jung, O.I, Kim, J.H., Chang, J.K, Park, H.M. and Sung, N.S. 2023. A High biomass yield and Whole crop silage rice cultivar 'Mogyang'. Korean Journal of Breeding Science. 45(4):405-409.