Acknowledgement
Vanessa P. Ho is supported by the Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative (CTSC) of Cleveland (No. KL2TR002547 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences [NCATS] component of the US National Institutes of Health and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research).
References
- Joseph NM, Benedick A, Flanagan CD, et al. Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in acute trauma patients. OTA Int 2020;3:e056.
- Aaron DL, Fadale PD, Harrington CJ, Born CT. Posttraumatic stress disorders in civilian orthopaedics. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2011;19:245-50. https://doi.org/10.5435/00124635-201105000-00001
- Muscatelli S, Spurr H, O'Hara NN, O'Hara LM, Sprague SA, Slobogean GP. Prevalence of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder after acute orthopaedic trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Trauma 2017;31:47-55. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0000000000000664
- Ponsford J, Hill B, Karamitsios M, Bahar-Fuchs A. Factors influencing outcome after orthopedic trauma. J Trauma 2008;64:1001-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e31809fec16
- Williams AE, Newman JT, Ozer K, Juarros A, Morgan SJ, Smith WR. Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression negatively impact general health status after hand injury. J Hand Surg Am 2009;34:515-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.11.008
- Helmerhorst GT, Vranceanu AM, Vrahas M, Smith M, Ring D. Risk factors for continued opioid use one to two months after surgery for musculoskeletal trauma. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:495-9. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.L.01406
- Simske NM, Audet MA, Kim CY, Benedick A, Vallier HA. Mental illness is associated with more pain and worse functional outcomes after ankle fracture. OTA Int 2019;2:e037.
- Davis LL, Schein J, Cloutier M, et al. The economic burden of posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States from a societal perspective. J Clin Psychiatry 2022;83:21m14116.
- Flanagan CD, Rascoe AS, Wang DM, Vallier HA. Revenue for initial orthopaedic trauma care: effects of patient and injury characteristics. J Orthop Trauma 2018;32:433-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0000000000001192
- Vranceanu AM, Beks RB, Guitton TG, Janssen SJ, Ring D. How do orthopaedic surgeons address psychological aspects of illness? Arch Bone Jt Surg 2017;5:2-9.
- US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Post-traumatic stress disorder [Internet]. NIMH; 2023 [cited 2023 Apr 25]. Available from: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd
- Hunt JC, Sapp M, Walker C, Warren AM, Brasel K, deRoon-Cassini TA. Utility of the injured trauma survivor screen to predict PTSD and depression during hospital admission. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017;82:93-101. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000001306
- Hunt JC, Chesney SA, Brasel K, deRoon-Cassini TA. Sixmonth follow-up of the injured trauma survivor screen: clinical implications and future directions. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018;85:263-70. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000001944
- National Center for PTSD. PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) [Internet]. US Department of Veterans Affairs; [cited 2023 Apr 25]. Available from: https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/assessment/adult-sr/ptsd-checklist.asp
- National Center for Education Statistics. Fast facts [Internet]. US Department of Education; [cited 2023 Apr 25]. Available from: https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=69
- Rothbaum BO, Kearns MC, Price M, et al. Early intervention may prevent the development of posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized pilot civilian study with modified prolonged exposure. Biol Psychiatry 2012;72:957-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.002
- Maples-Keller JL, Post LM, Price M, et al. Investigation of optimal dose of early intervention to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder: a multiarm randomized trial of one and three sessions of modified prolonged exposure. Depress Anxiety 2020;37:429-37. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23015
- Rothbaum BO, Kearns MC, Reiser E, et al. Early intervention following trauma may mitigate genetic risk for PTSD in civilians: a pilot prospective emergency department study. J Clin Psychiatry 2014;75:1380-7. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.13m08715
- American College of Surgeons. Resources for optimal care of the injured patient [Internet]. American College of Surgeons; 2023 [cited 2023 Apr 25]. Available from: https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/trauma/quality/verification-review-and-consultation-program/standards/
- American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. APA; 2013.
- Galatzer-Levy IR, Bryant RA. 636,120 Ways to have posttraumatic stress disorder. Perspect Psychol Sci 2013;8:651-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613504115
- Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, Hughes M, Nelson CB. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:1048-60. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012
- Schein J, Houle C, Urganus A, et al. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States: a systematic literature review. Curr Med Res Opin 2021;37:2151-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2021.1978417
- Gillespie CF, Bradley B, Mercer K, et al. Trauma exposure and stress-related disorders in inner city primary care patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2009;31:505-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.05.003
- Rothbaum BO, Foa EB, Riggs DS, Murdock T, Walsh W. A prospective examination of post-traumatic stress disorder in rape victims. J Trauma Stress 1992;5:455-75.
- Hinrichs R, Michopoulos V, Winters S, et al. Mobile assessment of heightened skin conductance in posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety 2017;34:502-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22610
- Hinrichs R, van Rooij SJ, Michopoulos V, et al. Increased skin conductance response in the immediate aftermath of trauma predicts PTSD risk. Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks) 2019;3:2470547019844441.