Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Ginseng root-derived exosome-like nanoparticles protect skin from UV irradiation and oxidative stress by suppressing activator protein-1 signaling and limiting the generation of reactive oxygen species

  • Wooram Choi (Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Jeong Hun Cho (Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC) ;
  • Sang Hee Park (Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Dong Seon Kim (Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Hwa Pyoung Lee (Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Donghyun Kim (Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC) ;
  • Hyun Soo Kim (Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC) ;
  • Ji Hye Kim (Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Jae Youl Cho (Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • Received : 2023.04.04
  • Accepted : 2024.01.10
  • Published : 2024.03.01
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Abstract

Background: Recently, plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) have been isolated, and active research was focusing on understanding their properties and functions. In this study, the characteristics and molecular properties of ginseng root-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GrDENs) were examined in terms of skin protection. Methods: HPLC-MS protocols were used to analyze the ginsenoside contents in GrDENs. To investigate the beneficial effect of GrDENs on skin, HaCaT cells were pre-treated with GrDENs (0-2 × 109 particles/mL), and followed by UVB irradiation or H2O2 exposure. In addition, the antioxidant activity of GrDENs was measured using a fluorescence microscope or flow cytometry. Finally, molecular mechanisms were examined with immunoblotting analysis. Results: GrDENs contained detectable levels of ginsenosides (Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rf, Rg2 (S), Gyp17, Rd, C-Mc1, C-O, and F2). In UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells, GrDENs protected cells from death and reduced ROS production. GrDENs downregulated the mRNA expression of proapoptotic genes, including BAX, caspase-1, -3, -6, -7, and -8 and the ratio of cleaved caspase-8, -9, and -3 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, GrDENs reduced the mRNA levels of aging-related genes (MMP2 and 3), proinflammatory genes (COX-2 and IL-6), and cellular senescence biomarker p21, possibly by suppressing activator protein-1 signaling. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the protective effects of GrDENs against skin damage caused by UV and oxidative stress, providing new insights into beneficial uses of ginseng. In particular, our results suggest GrDENs as a potential active ingredient in cosmeceuticals to promote skin health.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was funded by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), the Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea (2017R1A6A1A03015642) and by AmorePacific Co., Republic of Korea (2022).

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