Unveiling the Concept of Ideal City Development in Jeju's Mid-mountainous Area During the 1960s-70s - A Case Study of Pilot Complexes and Pioneer Complexes -

1960-70년대 제주 중산간 협동농장의 단지계획 특성 - 시범단지, 개척단지를 중심으로 -

After the Jeju 4.3 incident until the 1960s, the mid-mountain area of Jeju remained deserted. In the 1960s and 1970s, efforts were made to revitalize this region through the establishment of pilot complexes and pioneer complexes, aiming to encourage resident return and foster economic independence. These complexes exhibited distinctive geometric shapes, such as circles and rhombuses, designed with the intention of functioning as cooperative farms. Interestingly, parallels could be drawn with the Ideal City theory. This study examined the morphological features and land use plans of these complexes, revealing noteworthy findings. All pilot complexes implemented a consistent annular radial road system, while being designated for specific purposes like silkworms, hemp, and livestock. This suggests a deliberate matching of industries with the respective forms. Furthermore, the complexes were subdivided into various districts, where tenants collaboratively managed operations. Pioneering complexes, in contrast, featured diverse road systems tailored to their specific industries. For instance, the livestock complex utilized square and elongated parcels with a grid-type road system, while the silkworm complex took on a circular and rhombus form based on an annular radial road system. Additionally, a connection with the previously promoted pioneering farm complex by I.D.A. was also confirmed.