Acknowledgement
This study was supported by the BK21 FOUR program of the Education and Research Program for Future ICT Pioneers, Seoul National University in 2023.
References
- Hoffmann, N., Fuchs, F.W.: Minimal invasive equivalent grid impedance estimation in inductive-resistive power networks using extended Kalman filter. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 29(2), 631-641 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2259507
- Li, Y., Gu, Y., Green, T.C.: Revisiting grid-forming and grid-following inverters: a duality theory. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 37(6), 4541-4554 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3151851
- Zhang, H., Xiang, W., Lin, W., Wen, J.: Grid forming converters in renewable energy sources dominated power grid: control strategy, stability, application, and challenges. J. Modern Power Syst. Clean Energy. 9(6), 1239-1256 (2021) https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2021.000257
- Taul, M.G., Wang, X., Davari, P., Blaabjerg, F.: Current limiting control with enhanced dynamics of grid-forming converters during fault conditions. IEEE J. Emerg. Select, Top. Power Electron. 8(2), 1062-1073 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2019.2931477
- Quan, X., Huang, A.Q., Yu, H.: A novel order reduced synchronous power control for grid-forming inverters. IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron. 67(12), 10989-10995 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2019.2959485
- Liu, J., Miura, Y., Ise, T.: Comparison of dynamic characteristics between virtual synchronous generator and droop control in inverter-based distributed generators. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 31(5), 3600-3611 (2016)
- Zhang, W., Cantarellas, A.M., Rocabert, J., Luna, A., Rodriguez, P.: Synchronous power controller with flexible droop characteristics for renewable power generation systems. IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy. 7(4), 1572-1582 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2016.2565059
- Huang, L., Wu, C., Zhou, D., Blaabjerg, F.: Impact of grid strength and impedance characteristics on the maximum power transfer capability of grid-connected inverters. Appl. Sci. 11(9), 4288 (2021) https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094288
- Ambia, M.N., Meng, K., Xiao, W., Al-Durra, A., Dong, Z.Y.: Interactive grid synchronization-based virtual synchronous generator control scheme on weak grid integration. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid. 13(5), 4057-4071 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2021.3138999
- Egea-Alvarez, A., Barker, C., Hassan, F., Gomis-Bellmunt, O.: Capability curves of a VSC-HVDC connected to a weak AC grid considering stability and power limits. In: 11th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (2015)
- Mohammed, N., Ravanji, M.H., Zhou, W., Bahrani, B.: Online grid impedance estimation-based adaptive control of virtual synchronous generators considering strong and weak grid conditions. IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy. 14(1), 673-687 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2022.3223976
- Arif, B., Tarisciotti, L., Zanchetta, P., Clare, J.C., Degano, M.: Grid parameter estimation using model predictive direct power control. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 51(6), 4614-4622 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2015.2453132
- Sumner, M., Palethorpe, B., Thomas, D.W.P.: Impedance measurement for improved power quality-part 1: the measurement technique. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 19(3), 1442-1448 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2004.829873
- Rhode, J.P., Kelley, A.W., Baran, M.E.: Complete characterization of utilization-voltage power system impedance using wideband measurement. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 33(6), 1472-1479 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1109/28.649958
- Asiminoaei, L., Teodorescu, R., Blaabjerg, F., Borup, U.: Implementation and test of an online embedded grid impedance estimation technique for PV inverters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 52(4), 1136-1144 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2005.851604
- Alves, D.K., Ribeiro, R.L.A., Costa, F.B., Rocha, T.O.A.: Realtime wavelet-based grid impedance estimation method. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 66(10), 8263-8265 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2018.2870407
- Ciobotaru, M., Teodorescu, R., Rodriguez, P., Timbus, A., Blaabjerg, F.: Online grid impedance estimation for single-phase grid-connected systems using PQ variations. In: IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (2007)
- Timbus, A. V., Rodriguez, P., Teodorescu, R., Ciobotaru, M.: Line impedance estimation using active and reactive power variations. In: IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (2007)
- Mohammed, N., Kerekes, T., Ciobotaru, M.: An online event-based grid impedance estimation technique using grid-connected inverters. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 36(5), 6106-6117 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.3029872
- Serfontein, D., Rens, J., Botha, G., Desmet, J.: Continuous harmonic impedance assessment using online measurements. In: IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS) (2015)
- Gu, H., Guo, X., Wang, D., Wu, W.: Real-time grid impedance estimation technique for grid-connected power converters. In: IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (2012)
- Cobreces, S., Bueno, E.J., Pizarro, D., Rodriguez, F.J., Huerta, F.: Grid impedance monitoring system for distributed power generation electronic interfaces. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 58(9), 3112-3121 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2009.2016883
- Liu, S., Li, Y., Xiang, J.: An islanding detection method based on system identification. In: The 27th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (2015 CCDC) (2015)
- Ray, I.: Review of impedance-based analysis methods applied to grid-forming inverters in inverter-dominated grids. Energies 14(9), 2689 (2121) https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092686
- Fang, J., Deng, H., Goetz, S.M.: Grid impedance estimation through grid-forming power converters. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 36(2), 2094-2104 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.3010874
- Sun, J., Yu, J., Qiu, J., Wang, Y.: Transient-responses-based grid impedance estimation for grid-forming converters. In: 2022 4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies (CEECT) (2022)
- Liu, Z., et al.: An adaptive multi-mode switching control strategy to improve the stability of virtual synchronous generator with wide power grid strengths variation. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 17(2), 307-323 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.12694
- Rathnayake, D.B., et al.: Grid forming inverter modeling, control, and applications. IEEE Access. 9, 114781-114807 (2121) https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3104617
- Seyedi, M., Taher, S.A., Ganji, B., Guerrero, J.: A hybrid islanding detection method based on the rates of changes in voltage and active power for the multi-inverter systems. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid. 12(4), 2800-2811 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2021.3061567