Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Korean red ginseng suppresses mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy

  • Ji-Soo Jeong (College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University) ;
  • Jeong-Won Kim (College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University) ;
  • Jin-Hwa Kim (College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University) ;
  • Chang-Yeop Kim (College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University) ;
  • Je-Won Ko (College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University) ;
  • Tae-Won Kim (College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2022.12.13
  • Accepted : 2023.07.01
  • Published : 2024.01.01
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Abstract

Background: Skeletal muscle denervation leads to motor neuron degeneration, which in turn reduces muscle fiber volumes. Recent studies have revealed that apoptosis plays a role in regulating denervation-associated pathologic muscle wasting. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has various biological activities and is currently widely consumed as a medicinal product worldwide. Among them, ginseng has protective effects against muscle atrophy in in vivo and in vitro. However, the effects of KRG on denervation-induced muscle damage have not been fully elucidated. Methods: We induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice by dissecting the sciatic nerves, administered KRG, and then analyzed the muscles. KRG was administered to the mice once daily for 3 weeks at 100 and 400 mg/kg/day doses after operation. Results: KRG treatment significantly increased skeletal muscle weight and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle fiber volume in injured areas and reduced histological alterations in TA muscle. In addition, KRG treatment reduced denervation-induced apoptotic changes in TA muscle. KRG attenuated p53/Bax/cytochrome c/Caspase 3 signaling induced by nerve injury in a dose-dependent manner. Also, KRG decreases protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, reducing restorative myogenesis. Conclusion: Thus, KRG has potential protective role against denervation-induced muscle atrophy. The effect of KRG treatment was accompanied by reduced levels of mitochondria-associated apoptosis.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (2021R1A4A1033078) and the Basic Science Research Program through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education (2021R1A6A1A03045495).

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