Acknowledgement
This research was financially supported by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (Grant no: 3400919).
References
- Scott LJ. Sitagliptin: a review in type 2 diabetes. Drugs 2017; 77: 209-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-016-0686-9
- El-Agamy DS, Abo-Haded HM, Elkablawy MA. Cardioprotective effects of sitagliptin against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241: 1577-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1535370216643418
- Kelleni MT, Amin EF, Abdelrahman AM. Effect of metformin and sitagliptin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: impact of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. J Toxicol 2015; 2015: 424813.
- Ujhelyi J, Ujhelyi Z, Szalai A, Laszlo JF, Cayasso M, Vecsernyes M, et al. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effectiveness of sitagliptin and vildagliptin in mice. Regul Pept 2014; 194-195: 23-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2014.09.006
- Kawasaki T, Chen W, Htwe YM, Tatsumi K, Dudek SM. DPP4 inhibition by sitagliptin attenuates LPS-induced lung injury in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315: L834-45. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00031.2018
- Yam MF, Loh YC, Tan CS, Khadijah Adam S, Abdul Manan N, Basir R. General pathways of pain sensation and the major neurotransmitters involved in pain regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19: 2164.
- Riedel W, Neeck G. Nociception, pain, and antinociception: current concepts. Z Rheumatol 2001; 60: 404-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003930170003
- Beck TC, Dix TA, Reichel CM. Targeting peripheral kappa opioid receptors for the treatment of chronic pain: review article. Adv Nanomed Nanotechnol Res 2019; 1: 16-9. https://doi.org/10.4155/fdd-2019-0022
- Bardin L. The complex role of serotonin and 5-HT receptors in chronic pain. Behav Pharmacol 2011; 22: 390-404. https://doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0b013e328349aae4
- Pertovaara A. The noradrenergic pain regulation system: a potential target for pain therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 716: 2-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.067
- Wood PB. Mesolimbic dopaminergic mechanisms and pain control. Pain 2006; 120: 230-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2005.12.014
- Cury Y, Picolo G, Gutierrez VP, Ferreira SH. Pain and analgesia: the dual effect of nitric oxide in the nociceptive system. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25: 243-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2011.06.004
- Florentino IF, Galdino PM, De Oliveira LP, Silva DP, Pazini F, Vanderlinde FA, et al. Involvement of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway in the antinociceptive effect of the new pyrazole 5-(1-(3-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2H-tetrazole (LQFM-021). Nitric Oxide 2015; 47: 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2015.02.146
- Hajhashemi V, Salimian M, Hajihashemi O. Involvement of the NO/cGMP/K ATP pathway in the antinociceptive effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oil in mice. Behav Pharmacol 2023; 34: 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0000000000000709
- Pecikoza U, Micov A, Tomic M, Stepanovic-Petrovic R. Eslicarbazepine acetate reduces trigeminal nociception: possible role of adrenergic, cholinergic and opioid receptors. Life Sci 2018; 214: 167-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.059
- Tjolsen A, Berge OG, Hunskaar S, Rosland JH, Hole K. The formalin test: an evaluation of the method. Pain 1992; 51: 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(92)90003-T
- Hajhashemi V, Khodarahmi G, Asadi P, Rajabi H. Evaluation of the antinociceptive effects of a selection of triazine derivatives in mice. Korean J Pain 2022; 35: 440-6. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2022.35.4.440
- Morris CJ. Carrageenan-induced paw edema in the rat and mouse. Methods Mol Biol 2003; 225: 115-21. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-374-7:115
- Vazquez E, Navarro M, Salazar Y, Crespo G, Bruges G, Osorio C, et al. Systemic changes following carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in rats. Inflamm Res 2015; 64: 333-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-015-0814-0
- Savegnago L, Jesse CR, Santos AR, Rocha JB, Nogueira CW. Mechanisms involved in the antinociceptive effect caused by diphenyl diselenide in the formalin test. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60: 1679-86. https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp.60.12.0015
- Viguier F, Michot B, Hamon M, Bourgoin S. Multiple roles of serotonin in pain control mechanisms--implications of 5-HT7 and other 5-HT receptor types. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 716: 8-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.074
- Kapur S, Zipursky RB, Jones C, Wilson AA, DaSilva JD, Houle S. Cyproheptadine: a potent in vivo serotonin antagonist. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154: 884.
- Tan JQ, Fan CK, Cui J, Xu B. [Analgesic and antipyretic effects of cyproheptadine]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1990; 11: 204-7. Chinese.
- Vale C, Oliveira F, Assuncao J, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Pereira F. Co-administration of ondansetron decreases the analgesic efficacy of tramadol in humans. Pharmacology 2011; 88: 182-7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000330740
- Benarroch EE. Involvement of the nucleus accumbens and dopamine system in chronic pain. Neurology 2016; 87: 1720-6. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003243
- Wood PB. Role of central dopamine in pain and analgesia. Expert Rev Neurother 2008; 8: 781-97. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.8.5.781
- Morgan MJ, Franklin KB. Dopamine receptor subtypes and formalin test analgesia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1991; 40: 317-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(91)90560-O
- Miclescu A, Gordh T. Nitric oxide and pain: 'something old, something new'. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009; 53: 1107-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02054.x
- Kawabata A, Manabe S, Manabe Y, Takagi H. Effect of topical administration of L-arginine on formalininduced nociception in the mouse: a dual role of peripherally formed NO in pain modulation. Br J Pharmacol 1994; 112: 547-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13108.x
- Bulutcu F, Dogrul A, Guc MO. The involvement of nitric oxide in the analgesic effects of ketamine. Life Sci 2002; 71: 841-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)01765-4
- Ortiz MI, Granados-Soto V, Castaneda-Hernandez G. The NO-cGMP-K+ channel pathway participates in the antinociceptive effect of diclofenac, but not of indomethacin. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003; 76: 187-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-3057(03)00214-4
- Lazaro-Ibanez GG, Torres-Lopez JE, Granados-Soto V. Participation of the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP-ATP-sensitive K(+) channel pathway in the antinociceptive action of ketorolac. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 426: 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(01)01206-7
- Sakurada C, Sugiyama A, Nakayama M, Yonezawa A, Sakurada S, Tan-No K, et al. Antinociceptive effect of spinally injected L-NAME on the acute nociceptive response induced by low concentrations of formalin. Neurochem Int 2001; 38: 417-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-0186(00)00110-8
- Babbedge RC, Hart SL, Moore PK. Anti-nociceptive activity of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in the mouse: dissociation between the effect of L-NAME and L-NMMA. J Pharm Pharmacol 1993; 45: 77-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1993.tb03686.x
- Alves DP, Soares AC, Francischi JN, Castro MS, Perez AC, Duarte ID. Additive antinociceptive effect of the combination of diazoxide, an activator of ATPsensitive K+ channels, and sodium nitroprusside and dibutyryl-cGMP. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 489: 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.022
- Yamazumi I, Okuda T, Koga Y. Involvement of potassium channels in spinal antinociceptions induced by fentanyl, clonidine and bethanechol in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 2001; 87: 268-76. https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.87.268
- De Paz-Campos MA, Chavez-Pina AE, Ortiz MI, Castaneda-Hernandez G. Evidence for the participation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the antinociceptive effect of curcumin. Korean J Pain 2012; 25: 221-7. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.221
- Makdissi A, Ghanim H, Vora M, Green K, Abuaysheh S, Chaudhuri A, et al. Sitagliptin exerts an antinflammatory action. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97: 3333-41. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1544