Current Optics and Photonics

Optical Society of Korea (한국광학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Diffractive Alignment of Dual Display Panels

  • Shin-Woong Park (Center for Advanced Photovoltaic Materials (CAPM), Korea University) ;
  • Junghwan Park (Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Hwi Kim (Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University)
  • Received : 2023.10.05
  • Accepted : 2023.11.20
  • Published : 2024.02.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Recent flat-panel displays have become increasingly complicated to facilitate multiple display functions. In particular, the form of multilayered architectures for next-generation displays makes precise three-dimensional alignment of multiple panels a challenge. In this paper, a diffractive optical alignment marker is proposed to address the problem of three-dimensional alignment of distant dual panels beyond the depth-of-focus of a vision camera. The diffractive marker is effective to analyze the positional correlation of distant dual panels. The possibility of diffractive alignment in multilayer display fabrication is testified with numerical simulation and a proof-of-concept experiment.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (NRF-2019R1C1C1009988 and NRF-2022R1A2C1012559).

References

  1. J.-S. Chen and D. P. Chu, "Improved layer-based method for rapid hologram generation and real-time interactive holographic display applications," Opt. Express 23, 18143-18155 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.018143
  2. J. Geng, "Three-dimensional display technologies," Adv. Opt. Photonics 5, 456-535 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1364/AOP.5.000456
  3. C. Chiou, F. H. Hsu, S. Petrov, V. Marinova, H. Dikov, P. Vitanov, D. Dimitrov, K. Y. Hsu, Y. H. Lin, and S. H. Lin, "Flexible light valves using polymer-dispersed liquid crystals and TiO2/Ag/TiO2 multilayers," Opt. Express 27, 16911-16921 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.016911
  4. Y. Takaki and N. Nago, "Multi-projection of lenticular displays to construct a 256-view super multi-view display," Opt. Express 18, 8824-8835 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.008824
  5. C. Kim, J. Kim, D. Shin, J. Lee, G, Koo, and Y. H. Won, "Electrowetting Lenticular Lens for a Multi-View Autostereoscopic 3D Display," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28, 2479-2482 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2016.2597868
  6. J. Lee, I. H. Jeong, J. H. Yu, K. H. Song, K. Jeong, S. Kang, M. Lee, and S. H. Lee, "Novel film patterned retarder utilizing inplane electric field," Opt. Express 22, 15315-15319 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.015315
  7. D. Lee, K. Kwak, C. G. Jhun, H. S. Choi, and J. Song, "Mask-less fabrication of film-patterned-retarder (FPR) using wedged liquid crystal cell," IEEE Photonics J. 11, 7001508 (2019).
  8. C. Park and S. Kwon, "An efficient vision algorithm for fast and fine mask-panel alignment," in Proc. 2006 SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference (Busan, Korea, Oct. 18-21, 2006), pp. 1441-1445.
  9. M. V. R. K. Murty and R. P. Shukla, "Method for measurement of parallelism of optically parallel plates," Opt. Eng. 18, 183352 (1979).
  10. Y.-J. Lee, Y.-K. Kim, S. I. Jo, J. S. Gwag, C.-J. Yu, and J.-H. Kim, "Surface-controlled patterned vertical alignment mode with reactive mesogen," Opt. Express 17, 10298-10303 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.010298
  11. Y.-J. Lee, Y.-K. Kim, S. I. Jo, K.-S. Bae, B.-D. Choi, J.-H. Kim, and C.-J. Yu, "Fast vertical alignment mode with continuous multi-domains for a liquid crystal display," Opt. Express 17, 23417-23422 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.023417
  12. G. Moon, I. Son, C. Kim, C. H. Cho, E. Lee, E. H. Bae, C. Min, T. Kang, and J. H. Lee, "Fabrication of pre-tilted vertical alignment layers for high-speed liquid crystal display using bifunctional photoreactive monomers," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 687, 60-67 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2019.1651053
  13. I. Son, C. H. Cho, G. Moon, C. Kim, E. Lee, E. H. Bae, C. Min, T. Kang, and J. H. Lee, "A fast-switching vertically-aligned liquid crystal device based on a multi-functional mesogenic photocrosslinker," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 687, 68-75 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2019.1651054
  14. P. Kumar, C.Jaggi, V. Shama, and K. K. Raina, "Advancements of vertically aligned liquid crystal displays," Micron 81, 34-47 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2015.11.001
  15. S. Jo, C. Yu, and J. Kim, "Fast response and wide viewing angle vertical alignment mode with x-shape electrode," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 613, 69-74 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2015.1032048
  16. N. Okaichi, M. Miura, J. Arai, M, Kawakita, and T. Mishina, "Integral 3D display using multiple LCD panels and multi-image combining optical system," Opt. Express 25, 2805-2817 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.002805
  17. Q. Wang, C. Ji, L. Li, and H. Deng, "Dual-view integral imaging 3D display by using orthogonal polarizer array and polarization switcher," Opt. Express 24, 9-16 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.000009
  18. J.-Y. Jang, D. Shin, and E.-S. Kim, "Optical three-dimensional refocusing from elemental images based on a sifting property of the periodic δ-function array in integral-imaging," Opt. Express 22, 1533-1550 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.001533
  19. H.-W. Lee, C.-H. Liu, Y.-Y. Chiu, and T.-H. Fang, "Design and control of an optical alignment system using a parallel XXY stage and four CCDs for micro pattern alignment," in Proc. 2012 Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS (DTIP) (Cannes, France, Apr. 25-27, 2012), pp. 13-17.
  20. H. Lee, D. Lee, and M. Chun, "Alignment system for display panel using edge feature," J. Korean Inst. Intell. Syst. 25, 260-265 (2015). https://doi.org/10.5391/JKIIS.2015.25.3.260
  21. S. Jang, W. Choi, S. Kim, J. Lee, S. Na, S. Ham, J. Park, H. Kang, B. Ju, and H. Kim, "Complex spatial light modulation capability of a dual layer in-plane switching liquid crystal panel," Sci. Rep. 12, 8277 (2022).
  22. J. Jung, B. Jeon, J. Lee, H. Ahn, Y. Shin, B. Sung, and S. Kim, "Display panel, method of manufacturing the same and alignment mask for manufacturing the same," U.S. patent US8823910B2 (2014).
  23. G. Zhao and C. Lee, "Method for manufacturing alignment films of liquid crystal display panel," U. S. patent US8603287B2 (2013).
  24. W. Park and M. Park, "Vision system, alignment system for aligning display panel and patterned retarder on stereoscopic image display using the vision system," U.S. patent 20120162399A1 (2012).
  25. J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics, 2nd ed. (McGraw-Hill, USA, 1996).
  26. H. Kim, B. Yang, and B. Lee, "Iterative Fourier transform algorithm with regularization for the optimal design of diffractive optical elements," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 21, 2353-2365 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.21.002353
  27. C.-Y. Hwang, S. Oh, I.-K. Jeong, and H. Kim, "Stepwise angular spectrum method for curved surface diffraction," Opt. Express 22, 12659-12667 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.012659
  28. H. Kim, J. Kwon, and J. Hahn, "Accelerated synthesis of wide-viewing angle polygon computer-generated holograms using the interocular affine similarity of three-dimensional scenes," Opt. Express 26, 16853-16874 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.016853
  29. S. Park, J. Lee, S. Lim, M. Kim, S. Ahn, S, Hwang, S. Jeon, J. Jeong, J. Hahn, and H. Kim, "Wide-viewing full-color depthmap computer-generated holograms," Opt. Express 29, 26793-26807 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.426541
  30. H. Kim and B. Lee, "Iterative Fourier transform algorithm with adaptive regularization parameter distribution for the optimal design of diffractive optical elements," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, L702 (2004).
  31. J. Lee, J. Hahn, and H. Kim, "Diffractive-optical element for noise-reduced beam shaping of multi-array point light source," Curr. Opt. Photonics 5, 491-499 (2021).
  32. H. Kim and B. Lee, "Optimal non-monotonic convergence of iterative Fourier transform algorithm," Opt. Lett. 30, 296-298 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.30.000296
  33. J. Hahn, H. Kim, and B. Lee, "Optical implementation of iterative fractional Fourier transform algorithm," Opt. Express 14, 11103-11112 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.14.011103