The Plant Pathology Journal

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Biological Control of Fusarium oxysporum, the Causal Agent of Fusarium Basal Rot in Onion by Bacillus spp.

  • Jong-Hwan Shin (Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ha-Kyoung Lee (Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Seong-Chan Lee (Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • You-Kyoung Han (Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • Received : 2023.08.24
  • Accepted : 2023.10.31
  • Published : 2023.12.01
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Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum is the main pathogen causing Fusarium basal rot in onion (Allium cepa L.), which incurs significant yield losses before and after harvest. Among management strategies, biological control is an environmentally safe and sustainable alternative to chemical control. In this study, we isolated and screened bacteria for antifungal activity against the basal rot pathogen F. oxysporum. Isolates 23-045, 23-046, 23-052, 23-055, and 23-056 significantly inhibited F. oxysporum mycelial growth and conidial germination. Isolates 23-045, 23-046, 23-052, and 23-056 suppressed the development of Fusarium basal rot in both onion seedlings and bulbs in pot and spray inoculation assays. Isolate 23-055 was effective in onion seedlings but exhibited weak inhibitory effect on onion bulbs. Based on analyses of the 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences together with morphological analysis, isolates 23-045, 23-046, 23-052, and 23-055 were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, and isolate 23-056 as Bacillus toyonensis. All five bacterial isolates exhibited cellulolytic, proteolytic, and phosphate-solubilizing activity, which may contribute to their antagonistic activity against onion basal rot disease. Taken together B. thuringiensis 23-045, 23-046, 23-052, and 23-055 and B. toyonensis 23-056 have potential for the biological control of Fusarium basal rot in onion.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was carried out with the support of the "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ01667601), and supported by (2023) the RDA Fellowship Program of the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

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