DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Survey of Work Experiences and Practices of Occupational Therapists in the Mental Health Field: A Focus on Physical Function Enhancement Interventions

정신건강 분야에서 근무하는 작업치료사의 업무 경험 및 실태조사: 신체기능 향상 중재를 중심으로

  • Received : 2023.08.23
  • Accepted : 2023.10.16
  • Published : 2023.11.30

Abstract

Objective : This study aimed to identify the experiences and practices of occupational therapists in mental health and provide interventions for improving body function in individuals with mental illness. Methods : Data were collected from mental health therapists between November 7 and November 14, 2022. A survey was distributed via email and 46 responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlations. Results : The majority were female (58.7%), aged 20-30 years (84.8%), working in mental health centers (41.3%), and undergoing mental health occupational therapy training (91.3%). They had 1-3 years of mental health experience (65.2%) and were commonly involved in programs (71.1%), case management (62.2%), and administration (57.8%). Interventions for physical functioning were common (73.9%), including group interventions (41.2%), such as stretching, aerobic exercise, and walk training, and individual interventions (38.1%), such as walking, stretching, and aerobic exercise. Conclusion : Occupational therapists play a crucial role in enabling individuals with mental illness to engage in daily life activities. However, relevant studies in this field are lacking. This study emphasizes the importance of mental health occupational therapy and the need for evidence-based services for physical function improvement interventions to provide more effective treatments for mental illnesses.

목적 : 본 연구는 정신건강 분야에서 근무하는 작업치료사가 정신질환자에게 신체기능 향상 중재를 제공한 업무 경험 및 실태를 파악하고자 시도된 연구이다. 연구방법 : 2022년 11월 7일에서 11월 14일까지 정신건강 분야에서 근무하는 작업치료사를 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 이메일을 통해 설문지를 배포하여 응답을 수렴하였으며, 수집된 응답지 46부에 대해 기술통계 및 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결과 : 설문응답자는 여자(58.7%), 20~30대(84.8%)가 가장 많았고, 주로 정신건강복지센터(41.3%)에서 근무하였으며, 정신건강작업치료사 수련과정(91.3%)을 수료하였다. 정신건강분야 경력은 1년 이상 3년 미만(65.2%), 담당 업무는 프로그램(71.1%), 사례관리(62.2%), 행정업무(57.8%)가 가장 높았으며, 신체기능 향상을 위한 중재(73.9%)를 제공한 경험이 있었다. 자료 분석 결과 신체기능 중심 그룹 중재의 빈도는 주 1~2회(41.2%)가 많았고, 스트레칭, 유산소운동, 산책 순이었으며, 개별 중재의 빈도는 주 1~2회(38.1%)가 많았고, 산책, 스트레칭, 유산소운동 순으로 도출되었다. 결론 : 작업치료사는 정신건강 전문가로서 정신질환자의 다양한 작업과 일상생활활동에 균형 잡힌 참여를 가능하게 한다. 현재 다수의 작업치료사들이 정신건강 분야에서 정신질환자의 신체기능 향상을 위한 다양한 작업치료적 중재를 제공하고 있으나 이에 대한 연구는 아직 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구를 통해 정신건강작업치료의 중요성과 신체기능 향상 중재의 근거 기반 서비스 제공의 필요성을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 정신질환자들에게 더욱 효과적인 치료를 제공할 수 있는 기반이 마련될 것으로 기대한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Alexandratos, K., Barnett, F., & Thomas, Y. (2012). The impact of exercise on the mental health and quality of life of people with severe mental illness: A critical review. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 75(2), 48-60. https://doi.org/10.4276/030802212X13286281650956
  2. Burson, K., Fette, C., & Kannenberg, K. (2017). Mental health promotion, prevention, and intervention in occupational therapy practice. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71(S2), 7112410035p1-7112410035p19. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2017.716S03
  3. Gibson, R. W., D'Amico, M., Jaffe, L., & Arbesman, M. (2011). Occupational therapy interventions for recovery in the areas of community integration and normative life roles for adults with serious mental illness: A systematic review. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65(3), 247-256. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2011.001297
  4. Healthcare Information Standard. (2021). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). https://www.hins.or.kr/board.es?mid=a10702000000&bid=0002&tag=&act=view&list_no=140
  5. Hyun, M. Y., & Lee, J. (2019). A study on physical activity, body-esteem and health-related quality of life of community mentally Ill persons. Crisisonomy, 15(3), 103-117. https://doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2019.15.3.103
  6. Ikiugu, M. N. (2004). Instrumentalism in occupational therapy: An argument for a pragmatic conceptual model of practice. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 8, 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-032304182-9.50043-X
  7. Jang, S. I., & Kam, K. Y. (2023). Survey on evaluation of occupational therapy in mental health. Journal of Korean Academy of Mental Health in Occupational Therapy, 10(1), 1-12.
  8. Jung, M. Y., & Cha, Y. J. (2009). An analysis on the status and supply-demand of occupational therapists in Korea. Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy, 17(4), 113-127.
  9. Kang, D. H., &, Kim, S. O. (2011). Current status of mental health service and the role of psychiatric occupational therapists in Korea. Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy, 19(1), 15-27.
  10. Kim, Y. S. (2018). Qualitative research methods. In K. U. Ryu, J. W. Jeong, Y. S. Kim, & H. B. Kim (Eds.), Understanding qualitative research methods (2nd ed., pp. 321-338). Pakyoungsa.
  11. Kim, Y., Kim, M., & Moon, K. (2021). The work experience of occupational therapists providing vocational rehabilitation services to mentally disabled people: A phenomenological study. Journal of Korean Academy of Mental Health in Occupational Therapy, 8(2), 21-32.
  12. Kim, M. N. (2021). Effects of lifestyle modification intervention applying behavior therapy for weight control in severe mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Doctoral dissertation). Chonnam National University.
  13. Kwak, Y. B., & Kim, J. Y. (2022). Development and evaluation of an integrated health management program for psychiatric patients with metabolic syndrome. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 52(3), 261-277. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21222
  14. Law, M., Cooper, B., Strong, S., Stewart, D., Rigby, P., & Letts, L. (1996). The person-environment-occupation model: A transactive approach to occupational performance. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 63(1), 9-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/000841749606300103
  15. Lee, J. E. (2011). Survey of occupational therapy in mental health settings in Korea (Master's thesis). Hanseo University.
  16. Misistry of Health and Welfare. (2020). Act on medical articles on medical articles. The type and work of medical devices (the type of medical devices). Ministry of Government Legislation.
  17. Misistry of Health and Welfare. (2022). Enforcement decree of the act on the promotion of mental health and support for welfare services for mental patients. Scope of work of mental health professionals (related to Article 12(2)). Ministry of Government Legislation.
  18. Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2023). 2023 Mental health business guide. https://www.ncmh.go.kr/ncmh/board/boardView.do?no=9334&fno=106&gubun_no=9&menu_cd=04_02_02_04&bn=newsView&search_item=&search_content=&pageIndex=1
  19. National Center for Mental Health. (2023). Mental health professional training status. https://www.ncmh.go.kr/ncmh/board/openDataPoplView.do?menu_cd=07_02&board_id=ncmh_OPEN_BOARD_DATA&no=165
  20. Protopopova, D., Masopust, J., Maly, R., Valis, M., & Bazant, J. (2012). The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and the ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular events in patients with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Psychiatria Danubina, 24(3), 307-313.
  21. Rosenbaum, S., Tiedemann, A., Stanton, R., Parker, A., Waterreus, A., Curtis, J., & Ward, P. B. (2016). Implementing evidence-based physical activity interventions for people with mental illness: An Australian perspective. Australasian Psychiatry, 24(1), 49-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856215590252
  22. Scheinholtz, M. K. (2010). Occupational therapy in mental health: Considerations for advanced practice. AOTA Press.
  23. Shin, C., & Yoo, E. Y. (2022). History of mental health service in Korea and entailment of mental health occupational therapists according to amendment to mental health act. Korean Journal of Occupational Therapy, 30(4), 19-33. https://doi.org/10.14519/kjot.2022.30.4.02