Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science

korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science (물리치료재활과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Relationship between Gait Factors and Concentration according to Smartphone Use while Walking

  • Eunsang Lee (Department of Physical Therapy, Gwangju Health University)
  • Received : 2023.12.08
  • Accepted : 2023.12.20
  • Published : 2023.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: Most of the risk of using smartphones while walking and experimental studies related to walking and there is a lack of evidence for cognitive ability when walking using smartphones. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of using a smartphone while walking on gait factor and concentration function. Design: A Cross sectional study Methods: For gait measurement, 26 subjects (mean age: 23.08 ± 2.83) walked for 6 minutes using normal gait (NG) and gait with smart phone (GWS) while walking. Gait factors were evaluated during the test. For gait factors, gait variables such as gait distance, gait speed, cadence, step width, stride length, stance phase, and swing phase were measured using a gait analysis device. Attention was tested to determine changes in concentration while using a smartphone. Results: Gait distance was high in NG, but Cadence was high in GWS (p<0.05). Stride lengths and NG were high (p<0.05), and GWS showed a significant increase in the stance phase (p<0.001). However, gait speed and step width did not show significant changes (p>0.05). Attention showed a significant change (p<0.001), and there was a significant correlation between attention and stance phase (r=0.603). Conclusions: These results are expected to have an impact not only on walking but also on social traffic accidents and safety accidents due to the limited field of view and decreased attention when using smartphones. Based on these research results, it can be used as a training effect when cognitive function declines, and it can also be used as training to improve attention and concentration.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 2023년도 광주보건대학교 연구비 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(No. 2023007)

References

  1. Davidson BI, Shaw H, Ellis DA. Fuzzy constructs in technology usage scales. Computers in Human Behavior. 2022;133:107206.
  2. Kim Y, Lee S, Lee H-S, Song J, Song S-O, Seol M-J, et al. Changes in upper limb muscle activity during smartphone usage while in stable and unstable positions and during gait. Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science. 2018;7:119-26.
  3. Park IK, Shin DH. Using the Uses and Gratifications Theory to Understand the Usage and the Gratifications of Smartphones. Journal of Communication Science. 2010;10:192-225.
  4. Perry JaD, J. R. Gait analysis: normal and pathological function. J of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 1992; 12:815-21.
  5. Jordan K, Challis JH, Newell KM. Walking speed influences on gait cycle variability. Gait Posture. 2007;26:128-34.
  6. Authority KTS. Investigation report for smartphone users during walking. 2013.
  7. Mauritz KH. Gait training in hemiplegia. Eur J Neurol. 2002;9 Suppl 1:23-9; dicussion 53-61.
  8. Neider MB, McCarley JS, Crowell JA, Kaczmarski H, Kramer AF. Pedestrians, vehicles, and cell phones. Accid Anal Prev. 2010;42:589-94.
  9. Moon JH, Kim SH, Na CH, Hong DG, Heo SJ. Influence of Smart Phone Use on Gait Pattern in Healthy Adults. Journal of the KIECS. 2018;13:199-206.
  10. Lee J, Soo.;, Yang SH. The Effect of Using a Smartphone about Response Rate of the Body to the Visual and Auditory Stimuli During Walking. Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association. 2015;9:299-305.
  11. Kumar S, Singh J, Pradhan P, Kumar S, Thapa RKJJoAoS, Education P. Validity and Reliability of an Inertial Measurement Unit (BTS G-Walk) for Measurement of Countermovement Jump Height: A pilot-study. J Anthr Sport Phys Educ. 2023;7:19-22.
  12. Viteckova S, Horakova H, Polakova K, Krupicka R, Ruzicka E, Brozova H. Agreement between the GAITRite(®) System and the Wearable Sensor BTS G-Walk(®)measurement of gait parameters in healthy adults and Parkinson's disease patients. PeerJ. 2020; 8:e8835.
  13. Lim A R, Kim J N, Kim H J, Joung S W, Kim Y J, Lee B G. A Study on the Estimated Normal Value of 6-Minute Walking Test for Healthy Adults in Korea. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease. 2012;114:271-.
  14. Lezak MD. Neuropsychological assessment: Oxford University Press, USA; 2004.
  15. So Hee-Young, Jung Mi-Ha. A Study on the Evaluation of Cognitive Function of Adults. The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing. 2004;16:245-55.
  16. Gugerty L, Rakauskas M, Brooks J. Effects of remote and in-person verbal interactions on verbalization rates and attention to dynamic spatial scenes. Accid Anal Prev. 2004;36:1029-43.
  17. Huang HJ, Mercer VS, Thorpe DE. Effects of different concurrent cognitive tasks on temporal-distance gait variables in children. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2003;15:105-13.
  18. Jeon HR, Do MS. Effects of Smartphone Usage on Walking Speed using Machine Learning Method. J Korea Inst Intell Transp Syst. 2019;18:93-103.
  19. Kim CY, Jeong HW, Kim H. D. Effects of Smart Phone Use on the Gait Parameters When Healthy Young Subjects Negotiated an Obstacle. Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. 2015;16:471-9.
  20. Thompson LL, Rivara FP, Ayyagari RC, Ebel BE. Impact of social and technological distraction on pedestrian crossing behaviour: an observational study. Inj Prev. 2013;19:232-7.