International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security

International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security (국제컴퓨터통신보호논문지학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Configurable Smart Contracts Automation for EVM based Blockchains

  • Received : 2023.10.05
  • Published : 2023.10.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Electronic voting machines (EVMs) are replacing research ballots due to the errors involved in the manual counting process and the lengthy time required to count the votes. Even though these digital recording electronic systems are advancements, they are vulnerable to tampering and electoral fraud. The suspected vulnerabilities in EVMs are the possibility of tampering with the EVM's memory chip or replacing it with a fake one, their simplicity, which allows them to be tampered with without requiring much skill, and the possibility of double voting. The vote data is shared among all network devices, and peer-to-peer verification is performed to ensure the vote data's authenticity. To successfully tamper with the system, all of the data stored in the nodes must be changed. This improves the proposed system's efficiency and dependability. Elections and voting are fundamental components of a democratic system. Various attempts have been made to make modern elections more flexible by utilizing digital technologies. The fundamental characteristics of free and fair elections are intractability, immutability, transparency, and the privacy of the actors involved. This corresponds to a few of the many characteristics of blockchain-like decentralized ownership, such as chain immutability, anonymity, and distributed ledger. This working research attempts to conduct a comparative analysis of various blockchain technologies in development and propose a 'Blockchain-based Electronic Voting System' solution by weighing these technologies based on the need for the proposed solution. The primary goal of this research is to present a robust blockchain-based election mechanism that is not only reliable but also adaptable to current needs.

Keywords

References

  1. V. Gatteschi, F. Lamberti, C. Demartini, C. Pranteda, and V. Santamaria, "To blockchain or not to blockchain: That is the question," IT Professional, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 62-74, 2018.  https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2018.021921652
  2. S. Leible, S. Schlager, M. Schubotz, and B. Gipp, "A review on blockchain technology and blockchain projects fostering open science," Frontiers in Blockchain, vol. 2, Nov. 2019. [Online].
  3. A. Pinna, S. Ibba, G. Baralla, R. Tonelli, and M. Marchesi, "A massive analysis of ethereum smart contracts empirical study and code metrics," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 78 194-78 213, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2921936 
  4. D. Macrinici, C. Cartofeanu, and S. Gao, "Smart contract applications within blockchain technology: A systematic mapping study," Telematics and Informatics, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 2337-2354, Dec. 2018. [Online].  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.10.004
  5. L. W. Cong and Z. He, "Blockchain disruption and smart contracts," Tech. Rep., Mar. 2018. [Online]. 
  6. B. Bodo, D. Gervais, and J. P. Quintais, "Blockchain and smart contracts: the missing link in copyright licensing?" International Journal of Law and Information Technology, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 311-336, 2018. [Online]. M. Alharby and A. van Moorsel, "Blockchain based smart contracts : A systematic mapping study," in Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT). Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), Aug. 2017. [Online]. 
  7. C. Sillaber, B. Waltl, H. Treiblmaier, U. Gallersdorfer, and M. Felderer, "Laying the foundation for smart contract development: an integrated engineering process model," Information Systems and e- Business Management, Feb. 2020. [Online]. 
  8. V. Buterin, "A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform," 2015. 
  9. B. K. Mohanta, S. S. Panda, and D. Jena, "An overview of smart contract and use cases in blockchain technology," in 2018 9th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, Jul. 2018. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/icccnt.2018.8494045 
  10. "Smart contracts implementation, applications, benefits, and limitations," Journal of Information Engineering and Applications, Sep. 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.7176/jiea/9-5-07 
  11. L. M. Bach, B. Mihaljevic, and M. Zagar, "Comparative analysis of blockchain consensus algorithms," in 2018 41st International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO). IEEE, 2018, pp. 1545-1550. 
  12. "Nem ecosystem blockchain - because together, everything is possible." https://nem.io/, (Accessed on 07/02/2021). 
  13. E. Elrom, "Neo blockchain and smart contracts," in The Blockchain Developer. Springer, 2019, pp. 257-298. 
  14. "Neo smart economy," https://neo.org/, (Accessed on 07/02/2021). 
  15. C. Dannen, Introducing Ethereum and solidity. Springer, 2017, vol. 318. 
  16. G. Wood et al., "Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger," Ethereum project yellow paper, vol. 151, no. 2014, pp. 1-32, 2014. 
  17. A. M. Antonopoulos and G. Wood, Mastering ethereum: building smart contracts and dapps. O'reilly Media, 2018. 
  18. "Home ethereum.org," https://ethereum.org/en/, (Accessed on 07/02/2021). 
  19. V.-O. Ossip, "Ethereum blockchain and hyperledger burrow blockchain comparative analysis." 
  20. "Hyperledger burrow - hyperledger," https://www.hyperledger.org/use/hyperledger-burrow, (Accessed on 07/02/2021). 
  21. B. Xu, D. Luthra, Z. Cole, and N. Blakely, "Eos: An architectural, performance, and economic analysis," Retrieved June, vol. 11, p. 2019, 2018. 
  22. M. T. Quasim, M. A. Khan, F. Algarni, A. Alharthy, and G. M. M. Alshmrani, "Blockchain frameworks," in Decentralised Internet of Things. Springer, 2020, pp. 75-89. 
  23. "Home - eosio blockchain software & services," https://eos.io/, (Accessed on 07/02/2021).S. D. Lerner, "Rsk," 2015.