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Developing girder distribution factors in bridge analysis through B-WIM measurements: An empirical study

  • Widi Nugraha (Departement of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung) ;
  • Winarputro Adi Riyono (Directorate of Road and Bridge Engineering Development, Directorate General of Highway, Ministry of Public Works and Housing) ;
  • Indra Djati Sidi (Departement of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung) ;
  • Made Suarjana (Departement of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung) ;
  • Ediansjah Zulkifli (Departement of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung)
  • Received : 2023.08.07
  • Accepted : 2023.09.08
  • Published : 2023.09.25
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Abstract

The safety of bridges are critical in our transportation infrastructure. Bridge design and analysis require complex structural analysis procedures to ensure their safety and stability. One common method is to calculate the maximum moment in the girders to determine the appropriate bridge section. Girder distribution factors (GDFs) provide a simpler approach for performing this analysis. A GDF is a ratio between the response of a single girder and the total response of all girders in the bridge. This paper explores the significance of GDFs in bridge analysis and design, including their importance in the evaluation of existing bridges. We utilized Bridge Weigh-in-motion (B-WIM) measurements of five simple supported girder bridge in Indonesia to develop a simple GDF provisions for the Indonesia's bridge design code. The B-WIM measurements enable us to know each girder strain as a response due to vehicle loading as the vehicle passes the bridge. The calculated GDF obtained from the B-WIM measurements were compared with the code-specified GDF and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) bridge design specification. Our study found that the code specified GDF was adequate or conservative compared to the GDF obtained from the B-WIM measurements. The proposed GDF equation correlates well with the AASHTO LRFD bridge design specification. Developing appropriate provisions for GDFs in Indonesian bridge design codes can provides a practical solution for designing girder bridges in Indonesia, ensuring safety while allowing for easier calculations and assessments based on B-WIM measurements.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research is part of dissertation research of W. Nugraha funded by The Indonesia Endowment Funds for Education (LPDP). W. Nugraha is thankful for the LPDP Scholarship supported his doctoral study at ITB. The authors thank Ministry of Public Works and Housing and PT Jasa Marga, for providing the necessary data from the B-WIM measurements conducted in Indonesia. Their support played a crucial role in enabling the successful completion of this study.

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