Textile Science and Engineering (한국섬유공학회지)

The Korean Fiber Society (한국섬유공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Sustainable Natural Textile Dyeing Using Chitosan and Its Derivatives

키토산 및 키토산 유도체를 이용한 지속가능한 천연 염색

  • Md Morshedur Rahman (Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Yonggyun Cho (Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Sarang Oh (Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Joonseok Koh (Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University)
  • Received : 2023.06.27
  • Accepted : 2023.08.30
  • Published : 2023.10.31
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In recent years, natural dyes are gaining more attention as a sustainable and ecofriendly alternative to synthetic dyes. However, the use of toxic metal mordants make the natural dyeing process unsustainable. In order to make natural dyeing process truly sustainable, it is challenging to find alternative sources of mordant-like materials that are sustainable and ecofriendly. Chitosan, a natural resource, and a cost-effective cationic biopolymer could be a sustainable alternative to metal mordants. This paper provides an in-depth review of chitosan and its derivatives and discuss their potential role as a biomordant in natural dyeing of textiles. This review will help the academic readers to understand the basic mordanting mechanism of chitosan and its efficient application technique. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of chitosan mordant in natural dyeing are also discussed.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT) grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE) (P0012770).

References

  1. M. Yusuf, "Synthetic Dyes: A Threat to the Environment and Water Ecosystem", Text. Cloth., 2019, 11-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119526599.ch2.
  2. D. A. Yaseen and M. Scholz, "Textile Dye Wastewater Characteristics and Constituents of Synthetic Effluents: A Critical Review", Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2019, 16, 1193-1226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-2130-z.
  3. L. H. Ahlstrom, C. S. Eskilsson, and E. Bjorklund, "Determination of Banned Azo Dyes in Consumer Goods", Trends Anal. Chem., 2005, 24, 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2004.09.004.
  4. Shahid-ul-Islam, M. Shahid, and F. Mohammad, "Perspectives for Natural Product Based Agents Derived from Industrial Plants in Textile Applications-a Review", J. Clean. Prod., 2013, 57, 2-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.06.004.
  5. S. Jose, S. Thomas, A. Sankaran, and K. Medha, "Textile Dyes and Pigments: A Green Chemistry Approach", Chap. 14, 2022, pp.267-294. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119905332.ch14.
  6. T. Bechtold, A. Turcanu, E. Ganglberger, and S. Geissler, "Natural Dyes in Modern Textile Dyehouses-How to Combine Experiences of Two Centuries To Meet the Demands of the Future?", J. Clean. Prod., 2003, 11, 499-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-6526(02)00077-X.
  7. J. Che and X. Yang, "A Recent (2009-2021) Perspective on Sustainable Color and Textile Coloration Using Natural Plant Resources", Heliyon, 2022, e10979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10979.
  8. S. Geissler, "Handbook of Natural Colorants", Chap. 21, 2009, p.367. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470744970.ch21.
  9. D. J. Hill, "Is There a Future for Natural Dyes?", Review of Prog. Color. Related Topics, 1997, 27, 18-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1997.tb03771.x
  10. A. Haji and M. Naebe, "Cleaner Dyeing of Textiles Using Plasma Treatment and Natural Dyes: A Review", J. Clean. Prod., 2020, 265, 121866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121866.
  11. M. B. Kasiri and S. Safapour, "Natural Dyes and Antimicrobials for Green Treatment of Textiles", Environ. Chem. Lett., 2014, 12, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-013-0426-2.
  12. M. M. Ragab and A. G. Hassabo, "Various Uses of Natural Plants Extracts for Functionalization Textile Based Materials", Journal of Textiles, Color. Polym. Sci., 2021, 18, 143-158. https://doi.org/10.21608/jtcps.2021.79169.1064.
  13. M. R. Repon, T. Islam, T. Islam, A. E. Ghorab, and M. M. Rahman, "Cleaner Pathway for Developing Bioactive Textile Materials Using Natural Dyes: A Review", Environ. Sci. Pollution Res., 2023, 30, 48793-48823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26131-0.
  14. M. Shahid and F. Shahid-ul-Islam Mohammad, "Recent Advancements in Natural Dye Applications: A Review", J. Clean. Prod., 2013, 53, 310-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.03.031.
  15. Shahid-ul-Islam and F. Mohammad, "Natural Colorants in the Presence of Anchors So-called Mordants as Promising Coloring And Antimicrobial Agents for Textile Materials", ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2015, 3, 2361-2375. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00537.
  16. A. M. Thakker and D. Sun, "Sustainable Plant-based Bioactive Materials for Functional Printed Textiles", J. Text. Inst., 2021, 112, 1324-1358. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2020.1810474.
  17. M. A. Uddin, M. M. Rahman, A. N. M. A. Haque, S. A. Smriti, E. Datta, N. Farzana, S. Chowdhury, J. Haider, and A. S. M. Sayem, "Textile Colouration with Natural Colourants: A Review", J. Clean. Prod., 2022, 131489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131489.
  18. Y. Zhang, S. U. Islam, L. J. Rather, and Q. Li, "Recent Advances in the Surface Modification Strategies to Improve Functional Finishing of Cotton with Natural Colourants-a Review", J. Clean. Prod., 2022, 130313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130313.
  19. S. Saxena and A. S. M. Raja, "Natural Dyes: Sources, Chemistry, Application and Sustainability Issues", Roadmap to Sustainable Textiles and Clothing, 2014, pp.37-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-065-0_2.
  20. M. Sequin-Frey, "The Chemistry of Plant and Animal Dyes", J. Chem. Ed., 1981, 58, 301.
  21. S. S. Palaskar, R. D. Kale, and R. R. Deshmukh, "Application of Natural Yellow (Curcumin) Dye on Silk to Impart Multifunctional Finishing and Validation of Dyeing Process Using BBD Model", Color Res. Appl., 2021, 46, 1301-1312. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22678.
  22. S. M. Ghoreishian, L. Maleknia, H. Mirzapour, and M. Norouzi, "Antibacterial Properties and Color Fastness of Silk Fabric Dyed with Turmeric Extract", Fiber. Polym., 2013, 14, 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-013-0201-9.
  23. S. Lykidou, M. Pashou, E. Vouvoudi, and N. Nikolaidis, "Study on the Dyeing Properties of Curcumin on Natural and Synthetic Fibers and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities", Fiber. Polym., 2021, 22, 3336-3342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-021-0412-4.
  24. K. H. Hong, "Sustainable Functional Finishing for Cotton Fabrics Using Chestnut Shell Extract", Cellulose, 2021, 28, 11729-11743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04273-z.
  25. E. K. Hwang, Y. H. Lee, and H. D. Kim, "Dyeing, Fastness, and Deodorizing Properties of Cotton, Silk, and Wool Fabrics Dyed with Gardenia, Coffee Sludge, Cassia tora. L., and Pomegranate Extracts", Fiber. Polym., 2008, 9, 334-340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-008-0054-9.
  26. K. Karabulut and R. Atav, "Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with Natural Dyes without Mordant Usage Part I: Determining the Most Suitable Dye Plants for Dyeing and UV Protective Functionalization", Fiber. Polym., 2020, 21, 1773-1782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-9365-2.
  27. M. M. Rahman, J. Koh, and K. H. Hong, "Coloration and Multi-functionalization of Cotton Fabrics Using Different Combinations of Aqueous Natural Plant Extracts of Onion Peel, Turmeric Root, and Pomegranate Rind", Ind. Crops Prod., 2022, 188, 115562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115562.
  28. S. Shahidi, E. Khoshechin, S. Dalal Sharifi, and R. Mongkholrattanasit, "Investigation of the Effect of Various Natural Dyes on UV Protection Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Cotton Fabrics", J. Nat. Fibers, 2021, 7213-7228. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.1944433.
  29. S. Roy Maulik, L. Chakraborty, and P. Pandit, "Evaluation of Cellulosic and Protein Fibers for Coloring and Functional Finishing Properties Using Simultaneous Method with Eucalyptus Bark Extract as a Natural Dye", Fiber. Polym., 2021, 22, 711-719. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-021-0092-0.
  30. Y. Zhou, J. Zhang, R. C. Tang, and J. Zhang, "Simultaneous Dyeing and Functionalization of Silk with Three Natural Yellow Dyes", Ind. Crops Prod., 2015, 64, 224-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.09.041.
  31. S. Safapour, M. Sadeghi-Kiakhani, and S. Doustmohammadi, "Chitosan-cyanuric Chloride Hybrid as an Efficient Novel Biomordant for Improvement of Cochineal Natural Dye Absorption on Wool Yarns", J. Text. Inst., 2019, 110, 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2018.1503384.
  32. A. Sutlovic, I. Brlek, V. Ljubic, and M. I. Glogar, "Optimization of Dyeing Process of Cotton Fabric with Cochineal Dye", Fiber. Polym., 2020, 21, 555-563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-9153-z.
  33. M. Yusuf, M. Shabbir, and F. Mohammad, "Natural Colorants: Historical, Processing and Sustainable Prospects", Nat. Prod. Bioprospect., 2017, 7, 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-017-0119-9.
  34. S. M. Burkinshaw and N. Kumar, "The Mordant Dyeing of Wool Using Tannic Acid and FeSO4, Part 1: Initial Findings", Dyes Pigm., 2009, 80, 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2008.05.008.
  35. J. Fang, C. Meng, Y. Wang, Y. Yang, L. Han, S. Wang, G. Zhang, Z. Xu, and J. Min, "Eco-dyeing and Functional Finishing of Cotton Fabric by Natural Dye Derived from Lotus Seedpod Waste with Chitosan-assistance", Fiber. Polym., 2023, 24, 1367-1377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00158-z.
  36. A. D. Broadbent, "An Introduction to Textile Dyes, and Dyeing. In: Basic Principles of Textiles Coloration", Society of Dyers and Colorists, UK, 2001, pp.1-19.
  37. O. E. Ismal and L. Yildirim, "Metal Mordants and Biomordants", "The Impact and Prospects of Green Chemistry for Textile Technology", pp.57-82, Woodhead Publishing, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102491-1.00003-4.
  38. M. Zarkogianni, E. Mikropoulou, E. Varella, and E. Tsatsaroni, "Colour and Fastness of Natural Dyes: Revival of Traditional Dyeing Techniques", Color. Technol., 2011, 127, 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.2010.00273.x.
  39. A. P. Manian, R. Paul, and T. Bechtold, "Metal Mordanting in Dyeing with Natural Colourants", Color. Technol., 2016, 132, 107-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12199.
  40. S. Iqbal and T. N. Ansari in "Extraction and Application of Natural Dyes" (L. J. Rather, M. Sabbir, and A. Hajj Eds.), Sustainable Practices in the Textile Industry, Scrivener Publishing LLC, 2021, pp.1-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119818915.ch1.
  41. M. Verma, S. S. J. Singh, N. M. Rose, and R. Singh, "Effect of Concentration of Chitosan in Increasing Colour Strength of Cotton Fabric", Ind. J. Health Wellbeing, 2017, 8, 157-160.
  42. K. Amutha and N. Sudhapriya, "Dyeing of Textiles with Natural Dyes Extracted from Terminalia arjuna and Thespesia Populnea Fruits", Ind. Crops Prod., 2020, 148, 112303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112303.
  43. K. Elsahida, A. M. Fauzi, I. Sailah, and I. Z. Siregar, "Sustainability of the Use of Natural Dyes in the Textile Industry", IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 2019, 399, 012065. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/399/1/012065.
  44. M. L. Duarte, M. C. Ferreira, M. R. Marvao, and J. Rocha, "An Optimised Method to Determine the Degree of Acetylation of Chitin and Chitosan by FTIR Spectroscopy", Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2002, 31, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-8130(02)00039-9.
  45. Shahid-ul-Islam and B. S. Butola, "Recent Advances in Chitosan Polysaccharide and Its Derivatives in Antimicrobial Modification of Textile Materials", Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2019, 121, 905-912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.102.
  46. A. R. I. K. Buket, I. Dikkal, and S. Karacan, "Evaluation of the Dyeing and Fastness Properties of Wool Fabrics Treated by Chitosan in Different Molecular Weights and Dyed with Mint", Pamukkale universitesi Muhendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 2020, 26, 1186-1192. https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2020.47427.
  47. P. K. Dutta, J. Dutta, and V. S. Tripathi, "Chitin and Chitosan: Chemistry, Properties, and Applications", J. Sci. Ind. Res., 2004, 63, 20-31.
  48. J. Dutta, S. Tripathi, and P. K. Dutta, "Progress in Antimicrobial Activities of Chitin, Chitosan and Its Oligosaccharides: A Systematic Study Needs for Food Applications", Food Sci. Technol. Int., 2012, 18, 3-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013211399195.
  49. M. N. R. Kumar, "A Review of Chitin and Chitosan Applications", React. Funct. Polym., 2000, 46, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1381-5148(00)00038-9.
  50. N. Morin-Crini, E. Lichtfouse, G. Torri, and G. Crini, "Applications of Chitosan in Food, Pharmaceuticals, Medicine, Cosmetics, Agriculture, Textiles, Pulp and Paper, Biotechnology, and Environmental Chemistry", Environ. Chem. Lett., 2019, 17, 1667-1692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-019-00904-x.
  51. P. Pal, A. Pal, K. Nakashima, and B. K. Yadav, "Applications of Chitosan in Environmental Remediation: A Review", Chemosphere, 2021, 266, 128934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128934.
  52. C. Thambiliyagodage, M. Jayanetti, A. Mendis, G. Ekanayake, H. Liyanaarachchi, and S. Vigneswaran, "Recent Advances in Chitosan-Based Applications-A Review", Materials, 2023, 16, 2073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16052073.
  53. S. H. Lim and S. M. Hudson, "Review of Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents and Their Uses as Textile Chemicals", J. Macromol. Sci., Polym. Rev., 2003, 43, 223-269. https://doi.org/10.1081/MC-120020161.
  54. A. Elamri, K. Zdiri, M. Hamdaoui, and O. Harzallah, "Chitosan: A Biopolymer for Textile Processes and Products", Text. Res. J., 2023, 93, 1456-1484. https://doi.org/10.1177/00405175221127315.
  55. F. Ferrero and M. Periolatto, "Chitosan Coating on Textile Fibers for Functional Properties", Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials, 2017, 4, 165-198. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119441632.ch69.
  56. T. Hahn, L. Bossog, T. Hager, W. Wunderlich, R. Breier, T. Stegmaier, and S. Zibek in "Chitosan Application in Textile Processing and Fabric Coating" (Lambertus A. M. van den Broek, Carmen G. Boeriu Eds.), Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New Jersey, 2019, pp.395-428. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119450467.ch16.
  57. L. Huang, L. Xiao, and G. Yang, "Chitosan Application in Textile Processing", Curr. Trends Fashion Technol. Text. Eng., 2018, 4, 32-34. https://doi.org/10.19080/CTFTTE.2018.04.555635.
  58. J. Li, X. Tian, T. Hua, J. Fu, M. Koo, W. Chan, and T. Poon, "Chitosan Natural Polymer Material for Improving Antibacterial Properties of Textiles", ACS Appl. Bio Mater., 2021, 4, 4014-4038. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm. 1c00078.
  59. A. R. Shirvan, M. Shakeri, and A. Bashari in "Recent Advances in Application of Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Functional Finishing of Textiles" (Shahid-ul-Islam and B. S. Butola Eds.), The impact and Prospects of Green Chemistry for Textile Technology, Woodhead Publishing, 2019, pp.107-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102491-1.00005-8.
  60. B. C. E. Zhou, C. W. Kan, C. Sun, J. Du, and C. Xu, "A Review of Chitosan Textile Applications", AATCC J. Res., 2019, 6, 8-14. https://doi.org/10.14504/ajr.6.S1.2.
  61. S. H. Kim, "Dyeing Characteristics and UV Protection Property of Green Tea Dyed Cotton Fabrics: Focusing on the Effect of Chitosan Mordanting Condition", Fiber. Polym., 2006, 7, 255-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02875682.
  62. S. Janhom, R. Watanesk, S. Watanesk, P. Griffiths, O. A. Arquero, and W. Naksata, "Comparative Study of Lac Dye Adsorption on Cotton Fibre Surface Modified by Synthetic and Natural Polymers", Dyes Pigm., 2006, 71, 188-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2005.06.018.
  63. M. G. Silva, M. A. S. D. Barros, R. T. R. Almeida, E. J. Pilau, E. Pinto, A. J. S. Ferreira, N. T. Vila, G. Soares, and J. G. Santos, "Multifunctionalization of Cotton with Onion Skin Extract", IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2018, 460, 012032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/460/1/012032.
  64. L. Lambrecht, L. Capablanca, E. Bou-Belda, I. Montava, P. Diaz-Garcia, and J. Gisbert-Paya, "Enhancing Polyphenols and Tannins Concentration on Cotton Dyed with Red Tea", Sustainability, 2023, 15, 3062. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043062.
  65. Shahid-ul-Islam, B. S. Butola, and A. Roy, "Chitosan Polysaccharide as a Renewable Functional Agent to Develop Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activity and Colourful Shades on Wool Dyed with Tea Extract Polyphenols", Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2018, 120, 1999-2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.167.
  66. S. Saini, A. Gupta, N. Singh, and J. Sheikh, "Functionalization of Linen Fabric Using Layer by Layer Treatment with Chitosan and Green Tea Extract", J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2020, 82, 138-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.10.005.
  67. G. R. Chilukoti, B. Venkatesh, and V. S. Chandana, "Optimisation of Dyeing and Mordanting Parameters on Cotton Fabrics Treated with Allium Cepa as a Natural Dye Source", J. Text. Assoc., 2019, 333.
  68. R. Grande, R. Raisanen, J. Dou, S. Rajala, K. Malinen, P. A. Nousiainen, and M. O'sterberg, "In Situ Adsorption of Red Onion (Allium cepa) Natural Dye on Cellulose Model Films and Fabrics Exploiting Chitosan as a Natural Mordant", ACS Omega, 2023, 8, 5451-5463. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c06650.
  69. Shahid-ul-Islam and B. S. Butola, "A Synergistic Combination of Shrimp Shell Derived Chitosan Polysaccharide with Citrus Sinensis Peel Extract for the Development of Colourful and Bioactive Cellulosic Textile", Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2020, 158, 94-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.209.
  70. T. Toprak-Cavdur, S. Uysal, and J. Gisbert-Paya, "Dyeing Recycled Cotton Fibers Using Curcuma longa and Pterocarpus Santalinus Natural Dyes and Biomordant Chitosan", J. Natural Fibers, 2022, 19, 13736-13752. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2022.2105469.
  71. T. Kavitha, R. Padmashwini, A. Swarna, V. R. Dev, R. Neelakandan, and M. S. Kumar, "Effect of Chitosan Treatment on the Properties of Turmeric Dyed Cotton Yarn", Indian J. Fib. Text. Res., 2007, 32, 53-56.
  72. D. Shukla and P. S. Vankar, "Curcuma Dye with Modified Treatment Using Chitosan for Superior Fastness", Fiber. Polym., 2018, 19, 1913-1920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-018-8120-4.
  73. M. M. Rahman, M. Kim, K. Youm, S. Kumar, J. Koh, and K. H. Hong, "Sustainable One-bath Natural Dyeing of Cotton Fabric Using Turmeric Root Extract and Chitosan Biomordant", J. Clean. Prod., 2023, 382, 135303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135303.
  74. L. Syrine, M. Jabli, S. B. Abdessalem, and S. G. Almalki, "FT-IR Spectroscopy and Morphological Study of Functionalized Cellulosic Fibers: Evaluation of Their Dyeing Properties Using Biological Pistacia Vera Hulls By-product Extract", Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2020, 145, 1106-1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.204.
  75. M. G. da Silva, M. A. S. de Barros, R. T. R. de Almeida, E. J. Pilau, E. Pinto, G. Soares, and j.G. Santos, "Cleaner Production of Antimicrobial and Anti-UV Cotton Materials Through Dyeing with Eucalyptus Leaves Extract", J. Clean. Prod., 2018, 199, 807-816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.221.
  76. S. Ratnapandian, S. Islam, L. Wang, S. M. Fergusson, and R. Padhye, "Colouration of Cotton by Combining Natural Colourants and Bio-polysaccharide", J. Text. Inst., 2013, 104, 1269-1276. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2013.797143.
  77. V. R. Giri Dev, J. Venugopal, S. Sudha, G. Deepika, and S. Ramakrishna, "Dyeing and Antimicrobial Characteristics of Chitosan Treated Wool Fabrics with Henna Dye", Carbohydr. Polym., 2009, 75, 646-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.09.003.
  78. M. A. R. Bhuiyan, A. Islam, S. Islam, A. Hossain, and K. Nahar, "Improving Dyeability and Antibacterial Activity of Lawsonia inermis L on jute Fabrics by Chitosan Pretreatment", Text. Cloth. Sustain., 2017, 3, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40689-016-0023-4.
  79. Shahid-ul-Islam and B. S. Butola, "Effect of Chitosan Biological Macromolecule on Colorimetric Analysis and Radical Scavenging Activity of Linen Using Pineapple Peel Extract Biomolecules", Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2019, 124, 708-715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.259
  80. S. Kittinaovarat, "Using Chitosan for Improving the Dyeability of Cotton Fabrics With Mangosteen Rind Dye", J. Sci. Res. Chulalongkorn Univ., 2004, 29, 155-164.
  81. C. Suitcharit, F. Awae, W. Sengmama, and K. Srikulkit, "Effect of Chitosan's Molecular Weights on Mangosteen Dye Fixation on Cotton Fabric", J. Metals, Materials and Minerals, 2010, 20, 27-31.
  82. P. Kampeerapappun, T. Phattararittigul, S. Jittrong, and D. Kullachod, "Effect of Chitosan and Mordants on Dyeability of Cotton Fabrics with Ruellia tuberosa Linn", Chiang Mai J. Sci., 2010, 38, 95-104.
  83. K. H. Hong, "Preparation and Properties of Cotton Fabrics Dyed by Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) Extract and Chitosan", Fash. Text., 2023, 10, 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-023-00334-y.
  84. I. Kartini, S. N. Halimah, and E. Rahayuningsih, "Enhanced Wash-fastness of Cotton Fabric Dyed with a Composite of Chitosan-natural Dyes Extract of Ceriops Tagal", IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2021, 1053, 012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1053/1/012022.
  85. S. Rattanaphani, M. Chairat, J. B. Bremner, and V. Rattanaphani, "An Adsorption and Thermodynamic Study of Lac Dyeing on Cotton Pretreated with Chitosan", Dyes Pigm., 2007, 72, 88-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2005.08.002.
  86. M. Chairat, "Thermodynamics Study of Lac Dyeing of Silk Yarn Coated with Chitosan", Walailak J. Sci. Technol. (WJST), 2009, 6, 93-107. https://wjst.wu.ac.th/index.php/wjst/article/view/75.
  87. A. Chimprasit, S. Hannongbua, and P. Saparpakorn, "Adsorption Study of Lac Dyes with Chitosan Coated on Silk Fibroin Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations", J. Molecular Graphics and Modelling, 2021, 106, 107934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107934.
  88. R. Mongkholrattanasit, M. Nakpathom, and N. Vuthiganond, "Eco-dyeing with Biocolorant from Spent Coffee Ground on Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Crosslinked Cotton", Sustain. Chem. Pharm., 2021, 20, 100389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2021.100389.
  89. S. Gargoubi, R. Tolouei, P. Chevallier, L. Levesque, N. Ladhari, C. Boudokhane, and D. Mantovani, "Enhancing the Functionality of Cotton Fabric by Physical and Chemical Pre-treatments: A Comparative Study", Carbohydr. Polym., 2016, 147, 28-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.084.
  90. J. Campos, P. Diaz-Garcia, I. Montava, M. Bonet-Aracil, and E. Bou-Belda, "Chitosan Pretreatment for Cotton Dyeing with Black Tea", IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2017, 254, 112001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/254/11/112001.
  91. R. Mansour and H. Ben Ali, "Investigating the Use of Chitosan: Toward Improving the Dyeability of Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)", J. Natural Fibers, 2021, 18, 1007-1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2019.1675217.
  92. N. A. El Sayed, M. A. El-Bendary, and O. K. Ahmed, "A Sustainable Approach for Linen Dyeing and Finishing with Natural Lac Dye Through Chitosan Biomordanting and Microwave Heating", J. Eng. Fibers and Fabrics, 2023, 18, 15589250231155882. https://doi.org/10.1177/15589250231155882.
  93. M. Verma, S. S. Singh, and N. M. Rose, "Effect of Biopolymer Treatments on Dyeing Efficiency of Cotton Fabric with Marigold Petals", J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochem., 2020, 9, 321-325.
  94. Z. Zhao, C. Hurren, M. Zhang, L. Zhou, J. Wu, and L. Sun, "In situ Synthesis of a Double-layer Chitosan Coating on Cotton Fabric to Improve the Color Fastness of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin", Materials, 2020, 13, 5365. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235365.
  95. D. Jocic, S. Vilchez, T. Topalovic, A. Navarro, P. Jovancic, M. R. Julia, and P. Erra, "Chitosan/acid Dye Interactions in Wool Dyeing System", Carbohydr. Polym., 2005, 60, 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.11.021.
  96. A. Haji, S. Ashraf, M. Nasiriboroumand, and C. Lievens, "Environmentally Friendly Surface Treatment of Wool Fiber with Plasma and Chitosan for Improved Coloration with Cochineal and Safflower Natural Dyes", Fiber. Polym., 2020, 21, 743-750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-9587-3.
  97. A. Haji, M. K. Mehrizi, and J. Sharifzadeh, "Dyeing of Wool with Aqueous Extract of Cotton Pods Improved by Plasma Treatment and Chitosan: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology", Fiber. Polym., 2016, 17, 1480-1488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-016-6457-0.
  98. A. Haji, "Improved Natural Dyeing of Cotton by Plasma Treatment and Chitosan Coating; Optimization by Response Surface Methodology", Cellulose Chem. Technol., 2017, 51, 975-982.
  99. A. Haji, "Plasma Activation and Chitosan Attachment on Cotton and Wool for Improvement of Dyeability and Fastness Properties", Pigment & Resin Technol., 2020, 49, 483-489. https://doi.org/10.1108/PRT-02-2020-0017.
  100. A. Haji, M. K. Mehrizi, and S. Hashemizad, "Plasma and Chitosan Treatments for Improvement of Natural Dyeing and Antibacterial Properties of Cotton and Wool", Vlakna Text., 2016, 23, 86-89.
  101. A. Hebeish, K. Elnagar, and M. F. Shaaban, "Innovative Approach for Effecting Improved Mordant Dyeing of Cotton Textiles", Egypt. J. Chem., 2015, 58, 415-430. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2015.995
  102. M. T. Islam, M. R. Repon, M. L. R. Liman, M. M. Hossain, and M. A. Al Mamun, "Functional Modification of Cellulose by Chitosan and Gamma Radiation for Higher Grafting of UV Protective Natural Chromophores", Radiat. Phys. Chem., 2021, 183, 109426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109426.
  103. L. Mehrparvar, S. Safapour, M. Sadeghi-Kiakhani, and K. Gharanjig, "Chitosan-polypropylene Imine Dendrimer Hybrid: A New Ecological Biomordant for Cochineal Dyeing of Wool", Environ. Chem. Lett., 2016, 14, 533-539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-016-0559-1.
  104. M. Sadeghi-Kiakhani, M. Arami, and K. Gharanjig, "Dye Removal from Colored-textile Wastewater Using Chitosan- PPI Dendrimer Hybrid as a Biopolymer: Optimization, Kinetic, and Isotherm Studies", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013, 127, 2607-2619. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.37615.
  105. L. Mehrparvar, S. Safapour, M. Sadeghi-Kiakhani, and K. Gharanjig, "A Cleaner and Eco-benign Process for Wool Dyeing with Madder, Rubia tinctorum L., Root Natural Dye", Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2016, 13, 2569-2578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-1060-x.
  106. M. Sadeghi-Kiakhani, S. Safapour, and Y. Golpazir, "Impact of Chitosan-poly (amidoamine) Dendreimer Hybrid Treatment on Dyeing and Color Fastness Properties of Wool Yarn with Madder Natural Dye", Prog. Color, Colorants and Coatings, 2019, 12, 241-250.
  107. S. Aryabadie, M. Sadeghi-Kiakhani, and M. Arami, "Antimicrobial and Dyeing Studies of Treated Cotton Fabrics by Prepared Chitosan-PAMAM Dendrimer/Ag Nano-emulsion", Fiber. Polym., 2015, 16, 2529-2537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-015-4928-3.
  108. M. Sadeghi-Kiakhani, S. Safapour, and Y. Golpazir-Sorkheh, "Sustainable Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Finishing, and Natural Dyeing Properties of Wool Yarn Treated with Chitosan-poly (amidoamine) Dendrimer Hybrid as a Biomordant", J. Natural Fibers, 2022, 19, 9988-10000. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.1993475.
  109. M. Sadeghi-Kiakhani, A. R. Tehrani-Bagha, and S. Safapour, "Enhanced Anti-microbial, Anti-creasing and Dye Absorption Properties of Cotton Fabric Treated with Chitosan-Cyanuric Chloride Hybrid", Cellulose, 2018, 25, 883-893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1591-4.
  110. M. K. Calabretta, A. Kumar, A. M. McDermott, and C. Cai, "Antibacterial Activities of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers Terminated with Amino and Poly(ethylene glycol) Groups", Biomacromolecules, 2007, 8, 1807-1811. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm0701088.
  111. M. Verma, N. Gahlot, S. S. J. Singh, and N. M. Rose, "UV Protection and Antibacterial Treatment of Cellulosic Fibre (Cotton) Using Chitosan and Onion Skin Dye", Carbohydr. Polym., 2021, 257, 117612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117612.